1. The Evolutionist Theory of the Origin of Life Packet #62 Chapter #26 Packet #62 Chapter #26 10/19/2015 6:55 PM1

2. EARTH’S EARLY ATMOSPHERE 10/19/20152

3. Early Atmosphere  Earth’s early atmosphere, according to evolutionists, was composed of CO 2, H 2 O vapor, CO, H 2 and N 2.  These gases provided the “perfect” conditions necessary for chemical evolution.  Earth’s early atmosphere, according to evolutionists, was composed of CO 2, H 2 O vapor, CO, H 2 and N 2.  These gases provided the “perfect” conditions necessary for chemical evolution. 10/19/20153

4. Chemical Evolution  Chemical evolution is the formation of complex organic molecules from simpler inorganic molecules through chemical reactions in the oceans during the early history of the Earth;  The first step, according to evolutionists, in the development of life on this planet.  Chemical evolution is the formation of complex organic molecules from simpler inorganic molecules through chemical reactions in the oceans during the early history of the Earth;  The first step, according to evolutionists, in the development of life on this planet. 10/19/20154

5. Chemical Evolution  Scientists have developed four requirements for the chemical evolution of life. 1.Little or no free oxygen 2.A source of energy 3.The availability of chemical building blocks  Water  Minerals  Gases present in the atmosphere (All necessary to form organic molecules) 4.Time  Necessary for molecules to accumulate and react.  Scientists have developed four requirements for the chemical evolution of life. 1.Little or no free oxygen 2.A source of energy 3.The availability of chemical building blocks  Water  Minerals  Gases present in the atmosphere (All necessary to form organic molecules) 4.Time  Necessary for molecules to accumulate and react. 10/19/2015 6:55 PM5

6. POSSIBLE EARTH LOCATIONS HYPOTHESES FOR CHEMICAL EVOLUTION 10/19/20156

7. Site Hypotheses I  There are two proposed hypotheses in regards to where the organic molecules were formed on Earth.  Prebiotic soup hypothesis  The hypothesis states that the precursors of life occurred near the surface of Earth  Iron-sulfur hypothesis  The hypothesis states that organic molecules formed on or near cracks on the ocean floor  There are two proposed hypotheses in regards to where the organic molecules were formed on Earth.  Prebiotic soup hypothesis  The hypothesis states that the precursors of life occurred near the surface of Earth  Iron-sulfur hypothesis  The hypothesis states that organic molecules formed on or near cracks on the ocean floor 10/19/20157

8. Miller & Urey  In the 1950’s, these scientists simulated conditions on early earth…as it was believed to have been.  The scientists exposed H 2, CH 4, H 2 O and NH 3 to electrical charges.  Amino acids and other organic compounds formed spontaneously.  In the 1950’s, these scientists simulated conditions on early earth…as it was believed to have been.  The scientists exposed H 2, CH 4, H 2 O and NH 3 to electrical charges.  Amino acids and other organic compounds formed spontaneously. 10/19/2015 6:55 PM8

9. FORMATION OF MACROMOLECULES 10/19/20159

10. Formation of Organic Macromolecules  With organic molecules in place, evolutionists believe that they were assembled together to form an organic macromolecule known as a protobiont.  The hypothetical ancestor to the cell.  With organic molecules in place, evolutionists believe that they were assembled together to form an organic macromolecule known as a protobiont.  The hypothetical ancestor to the cell. 10/19/2015 6:55 PM10

11. Formation of the Cell from the Protobiont 10/19/2015 6:55 PM11

12. Formation I  Evolutionists believe that protobionts exhibit division after growth and are able to maintain their internal chemistry but have not definitively determined how they evolved into the cell. 10/19/201512

13. Development of Genetic Material—The “RNA World”  Once the cell “evolved,” it is thought that the first genetic material to exist was RNA.  Due to the presence of ribozymes.  DNA is thought to have evolved later from RNA.  Once the cell “evolved,” it is thought that the first genetic material to exist was RNA.  Due to the presence of ribozymes.  DNA is thought to have evolved later from RNA. 10/19/201513

14. The First Cell  The first cell, now with genetic material, is thought to have been an anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryote.  Autotrophs are thought to have developed later—along with photosynthesis.  Aerobes developed are thought to have developed later as oxygen levels increased in the atmosphere.  Eukaryotes are thought to have evolved later as a prokaryote engulfed another.  The endosymbiont  The first cell, now with genetic material, is thought to have been an anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryote.  Autotrophs are thought to have developed later—along with photosynthesis.  Aerobes developed are thought to have developed later as oxygen levels increased in the atmosphere.  Eukaryotes are thought to have evolved later as a prokaryote engulfed another.  The endosymbiont 10/19/201514

15. The Geologic Record Table 26.1 Page 519  The table shows the major eras according to the theory of evolution. 10/19/2015 6:55 PM15

16. Figure 26.20  The look at the world during some of the “evolutionary” periods. 10/19/2015 6:55 PM16