1. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Earth Systems 3209 Unit: 5 Earth’s Resources Reference: Chapters 21; Appendix A & B

2. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Phases of Petroleum Unit 5: Topic 3.2 Focus on...  identifying and describing the three phases involved in the evolution of petroleum.

3. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador  Kerogen is a solid waxy mixture of organic matter in sediments from which petroleum is released.  Three phases in the evolution of organic matter to petroleum include: 1)Diagenesis 2)Catagenesis 3)Metagenesis Phases Involved in the Evolution of Petroleum

4. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 1)Diagenesis  During diagenesis there is shallow burial of organic matter at near normal temperature and pressure as well as some decay.  Methane, carbon dioxide, and water are released leaving behind the complex hydrocarbon called kerogen. Phases Involved in the Evolution of Petroleum

5. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 2)Catagenesis  Deeper burial results in increased temperature and pressure.  Petroleum is released from the kerogen.  First oil is released (2-3 km depth) and second gas is released (3-5 km depth). Phases Involved in the Evolution of Petroleum

6. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 3)Metagenesis  The metagenesis phase involves even higher temperature and pressure verging on metamorphism.  The only hydrocarbon that is released during this phase is methane (Gas).  At this point the petroleum has matured enough to migrate to traps. Phases Involved in the Evolution of Petroleum

7. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Example 1: Which is the correct order for the evolution of organic matter to petroleum? (A) catagenesis - diagenesis - metagenesis (B) catagenesis - metagenesis - diagenesis (C) diagenesis - catagenesis - metagenesis (D) diagenesis - metagenesis - catagenesis

8. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Example 2: Which step in the development of a petroleum deposit involves the formation of kerogen? A) diagenesis B) cataenesis C) metagenesis D) orogenesis

9. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Your Turn... Take the time and complete the following questions... (Solutions to follow) Questions: During which phase in the evolution of petroleum is only methane gas released and the temperature and pressure conditions the highest? A) catagenesis B) cracking C) metagenesis D) reforming

10. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Solutions... Questions: During which phase in the evolution of petroleum is only methane gas released and the temperature and pressure conditions the highest? A) catagenesis B) cracking C) metagenesis D) reforming

11. Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Summary... Overview of Points covered: Kerogen  is a solid waxy mixture of organic matter in sediments from which petroleum is released. Three phases in the evolution of organic matter to petroleum include: 1)Diagenesis 2)Catagenesis 3)Metagenesis