1. testbeds:bridges from research to infrastructure Ashkan sobhani

2. What is testbeds?  Any project experimenting with new capabilities.  Testbeds are complex combinations of technology and peaple.  Some testbeds are aimed at specific Communities,others strive for more ambitious scale.

3. Good testbeds  The most good testbeds must be consist of the right balance of scale,component technologies,and coupling between the envisioned capabilities of technology and the need of the target communities.

4.  developing,testing,and refining a technology are the function of a testbed  The two type of create systems: 1.expansion,biger,faster,… of currently availabe systems. 2.Cannot be acomplished by mere extensions of current technology.

5.  In the second type for building computational grids,testbeds are critical in at least three ways: 1.Scale of integration 2.Building communities 3.Mitigating risk

6. History of the Network The grandfather of internet

7. ARPANET  During the early 1960s, researchers in United States began to develop the concept of communications network that would send information in packets.

8. ARPANET(cont.)  In 1958, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the Department of Defense (DoD) was created  1969 - DARPA launched ARPANET. The network was designed to help government scientists communicate and share information. It was originally developed to allow researchers to log-in and run programs on remote computers, but it quickly became a tool for sharing information through file transfer, electronic mail, and interest group mailing lists.  Batch processing=>timeshared use

9. ARPANET(cont.) ARPANET December 1969 From ARPANET Completion Report, BBN, 1978

10. ARPANET(cont.)  Build an interface message processor(IMP) that would be the building block to a packet-switched network.  Packet-switched network,having been proven viable by ARPANET.

11. POST-ARPANET NETWORK TESTBEDS  Durring the late 1970s and early 1980s,ARPANET testbeds results made their way to infrastructure.  Influenced the computer industry.  MILNET was created to interconnect defense sites using ARPANET technology.  Schlumberger use ARPANET tech. for its worldwide corpoate network

12. POST-ARPANET NETWORK TESTBEDS  New companies formed commercialized the technology for example: GTETelenet & Tymnet  The ARPANET testbed concepts and technology led to other government and academic network projects such as: CSNET,BITNET,MFENET,ESNET, NSFNET  The second generation of network was created.

13. NSFnet  Started off connecting 5 Supercomputer Centers between 1985 and 1986. JvNSC, SDSC, NCSA, CTC, PSCJvNSC, SDSC, NCSA, CTC, PSC  The origenal goals of NSFNET program were to use ARPANET tech. to provide infrastructure for supercomputer user.  Grew to connect Universities and Regional Nets  Served as the Internet’s backbone grew even further and faster as the Internet grewgrew even further and faster as the Internet grew

14. NSFnet(cont.)  A three-layer model 1.A bckbone network 1.A bckbone network 2.Mid-layer network 2.Mid-layer network 3.Campus network 3.Campus network  Use internet protcol (IP,TCP)  The selection of IP & interconnecting LANs =>need for routers in the NSFNET backbone =>need for routers in the NSFNET backbone  Use minicomputer based routers called “fuzzballs”

15. NSFNET Network Structure Backbone Regional Access Providers Local Access Providers

16. NSFNET Network Structure Backbone Network Access Providers Internet Service Provider vBNS - Very High Speed Backbone Local Service Provider California Washington New York Chicago Sprint MCIAT&T AOLUUNETPSI Local Providers Local Providers

17. NSFnet(cont.)

18. NSFnet(cont.)  Gange in protocols and create translator program(GATED)  Generate monitoring protocols as SGMP  Add the congestion control to protocol  It was soon upgraded to T1 speeds (1.5 Mbps).  In 1989, it was apparent that even greater bandwidth would be needed and it was upgraded to T3 (45 Mbps) in 1991.  1995 Internet is served by multiple commercial backbonesInternet is served by multiple commercial backbones NSF shuts the NSFnet downNSF shuts the NSFnet down

19. NSFnet(cont.)

20. Gigabit Testbed program  DARPA & NSF & CNRI proposed a major program in high-speed neworks. a major program in high-speed neworks. The initiative would attempt to answer two quastions: 1.How woud a gigabit-per-second network be architected? 2.What would its utility be to end users?

21. Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)  Five testbeds were formed in 1990.  That consist of: 1.CASA: focused on ditributed supercompting applications.the CASA network constructed by using HIPPI switches interconnected by HIPPI- over-SONET at OC-12(622 Mb/s).

22. Gigabit Testbed program(cont.) 2.BLANCA:included virtual enviroment,remote visulization and multimedia digital libraries.using ATM switches running over 622 Mb/s. switches running over 622 Mb/s. 3.VISTANET:supported the development of a radiation treatment planning application.Using an ATM network at oc-12(622 Mb/s).

23. Gigabit Testbed program(cont.) 4.NECTAR:focus on the application work involved coupling supercomputers running chemical reaction dynamics. 5.AURORA:Focused on network and computer science issues.Using ATM switches & interconnections at OC- 12(622 Mb/s).

24. Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)  At the same time, the fact that the testbeds combind research at multiple layers( from hardware to network protocol to middleware to applications)

25. Gigabit Testbed program(cont.)  The important results of these testbeds are: 1.Feasibility of using ATM in a high- performance network. 2.Successful demonstration of OC-3(155 Mb/s),OC-12(622 Mb/s),OC-48 (2.4 Gb/s). Thus technology deployment within the telecommunications industry was accelerated by the gigabit testbeds.

26. SYSTEM TESTBEDS  Testbeds have been used in the development of hardware,software,and systems.  Two testbed efforts durring the past several years illustrate the advantages of using existing network technology.  These are significantly different from network testbeds.  Focus on improvement the software technology.

27. SYSTEM TESTBEDS  These testbeds consist of: 1.I-WAY:attempted to exploit the multiple ATM testbeds for support high- performance application in science engineering. 2.ARIES:was aimed at exploiting existing ATM services to support applications important to the oil industry.

28. I-WAY  I-WAY applications were classified into five general categories: 1.Distributed supercomputing 1.Distributed supercomputing 2.Remote visualization 2.Remote visualization 3.Collaborative enviroment 3.Collaborative enviroment 4.Distributed supercomputing coupled 4.Distributed supercomputing coupled with collaborative enviroment with collaborative enviroment 5.video 5.video

29. THE LANDSCAPE IN 1998  Several important network testbeds are worth examining today as well,including the vBNS,AAInet,CAIRN,SuperJANET and CANET*2

31. TESTBEDS FOR FUTURE  Evolution and Revolution  Getting real user involved  Funding and Organization

32. Evolution and Revolution  The testbeds cited have proven that evolution is one of the most important characteritics of producing revolutonary results in computing and information technolgy.  In addition,testbeds focused on revolutionary technologies of the day eventually evolved into broad-based classes of applications

33. Getting Real Users involved  A major advantage of testbeds is to get real users involved  This marriage of user and technology is often the key to success.  Success or refinements in any given testbeds will lead to the definition of the next wave of testbeds which can bring new users,technologies,…

34. Funding and Organization  Sustained funding for a series of testbeds is essential to realize their potential and,even more important,to attract the users,experiments,researches needed to drive the testbed to meet the aggressive goals.

35. CONCLUSIONS  Larg and small testbeds have been key contributors to today’s core networking,software,and computing infrastructure.  The successful construction of the national-scale grid enviroments will require careful choices as we select the technologies and communities that will form the testbeds for tomorrow

36. Tank you. Tank you.