1. Echoes of Revolution (1750-1914)
AP World History
Chapter 17

2. The Abolition of Slavery
1780 – 1890 = slavery lost its legitimacy and was largely ended
Multiple strands of anti-slavery thinking:
Secular = slavery is a violation of natural rights and the ideas of liberty and equality
Religious = slavery is a moral; a “crime in the sight of God”
Economic = slavery is not necessary for economic progress; countries can be successful with paid labor
Political = slavery is unwise because obviously slaves aren’t content and could rise up and revolt

3. The Abolition of Slavery
Most powerful abolitionist movements = in Britain
Growing pressure on the government to take action  techniques included:
Pamphlets  featuring descriptions of slavery
Petitions to Parliament
Lawsuits
Boycotts of slave-produced sugar
Public meetings  most of which featured testimony of former slaves
Public Meeting Featuring an Abolitionist Speaker

4. The Abolition of Slavery
1807 = Britain ended the sale of slaves within its empire
1834 = Britain freed all remaining slaves
British naval vessels patrolled the Atlantic, intercepted illegal slave ships, and freed the people on board
Other countries followed suit over the next half century

5. Resistance to Abolition
Abolition was not easy
Plantation owners = fiercely resisted the efforts of abolitionists
Both European and African slave traders also resisted abolitionists
Most intense resistance to abolition and persistence of slavery = in the southern United States
Took a WAR to end slavery!

6. Effects of Abolition
Economic and political lives of former slaves = did not improve dramatically at all
Often could not find work or found work, but were paid VERY little
No political equality  in many places, former slaves couldn’t vote and had to live with harsh segregation laws
Former slaves had to deal with persistent racism, discrimination, and violence

7. Nations and Nationalism (1750-1914)
AP World History
Chapter 17

8. What is a Nation?
A “state” = political territory that does not necessarily coincide with the culture of a certain group of people
For most of world history, people have been organized into great empires or smaller states like this
These entities governed culturally diverse societies
A “nation” = has a distinct culture and territory and deserves an independent political life
Citizens of a nation = feel connected to their fellows by ties of blood, culture, or common experience
Not simply common subjects of a ruling dynasty

9. What did Nationalism Inspire?
1871 = the political unification of Italy and Germany
Greeks and Serbs = asserted their independence from the Ottoman Empire
Czechs and Hungarians = demanded more independence within the Austrian Empire
Poles and Ukrainians = became more aware of their oppression within the Russian Empire
Irish = sought separation from Great Britain
European Jews = sought a homeland in Palestine

11. Results of Nationalism
Intensified rivalries between European states
Fueled a highly competitive drive for colonies in Asia and Africa
One of the leading causes of World War I

12. Different Versions of Nationalism
“Civic Nationalism” = the nation is a particular territory and people of various cultural backgrounds can assimilate into the dominant culture
Example: “becoming American”
Other versions = defined the nation in racial terms, which excluded those who did not share common ancestry
Example: Germany expelling all “non-German”, especially Jewish people

13. Europe around 1880

14. Feminist Beginnings (1750-1914)
AP World History
Chapter 17

15. Feminist Beginnings
Feminist movements took shape mostly in Europe and North America
Believed revolutionary ideas of liberty and equality applied to women also
First organized women’s rights conference = in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848
Leading feminist and speaker = Elizabeth Cady Stanton

16. Major Goals of the Feminist Movement
Access to schools and universities
Access to more professions
Suffrage (the right to vote)
1893 = New Zealand is the first country to grant all women the right to vote
1920 = 19th Amendment passed in the U.S.
Most countries did not grant female suffrage until after WWI

17. Some Accomplishments of the Movement
Increased entrance to universities and increasing women’s literacy rates
Many U.S. states passed laws to let women control and manage their own property and wages
Increased access to professions
Medicine opened to a few
Teaching
Social work (invented by Jane Addams)
Nursing (professionalized by Florence Nightingale)

18. Opposition to Feminism
Many viewed feminists as selfish and willing to sacrifice their families and/or the nation in order to pursue individual goals
Some argued: the strains of education and life in the world outside the home would cause reproductive damage
Result: it would depopulate the nation
What many believed women should keep doing