1. Lobbying and the Legislative Process CLOSEUP.ORG Developed by the Close Up Foundation and the Bryce Harlow Foundation

2. Definition Advocate: To defend or maintain a cause or proposal; to petition for change using the art of persuading others Developed by the Close Up Foundation and the Bryce Harlow Foundation CLOSEUP.ORG

3. Definition Lobby: To promote (as for a project) or secure the passage of (as for legislation) by influencing public officials through education; to attempt to influence or sway (as for a public official) toward a desired action by substantive debate Developed by the Close Up Foundation and the Bryce Harlow Foundation CLOSEUP.ORG

4. Players and Decision Makers President and the cabinet Members of Congress Governors and mayors Individual citizens Developed by the Close Up Foundation and the Bryce Harlow Foundation CLOSEUP.ORG

5. Players and Decision Makers (cont’d) Individual companies Trade Associations Labor unions and consumer groups Law firms and lobbying groups Public Relations Firms Grassroots Firms Polling Firms Interest Groups Developed by the Close Up Foundation and the Bryce Harlow Foundation CLOSEUP.ORG

6. First Amendment Freedoms Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Freedom of press Right to petition Developed by the Close Up Foundation and the Bryce Harlow Foundation CLOSEUP.ORG

7. Lobbying Regulations Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 Foreign Agents Registration Act Developed by the Close Up Foundation and the Bryce Harlow Foundation CLOSEUP.ORG

8. Lobbying Regulations (cont’d) Congressional Ethics Rules—The Gift Ban Post-Employment Lobbying by Federal Officials Campaign Laws and Political Action Committees Developed by the Close Up Foundation and the Bryce Harlow Foundation CLOSEUP.ORG

9. Reflection Is lobbying a negative or positive part of the legislative process? How effective are lobbyists? What are the best ways for decision makers to acquire information? Are the laws that currently govern lobbying effective? Developed by the Close Up Foundation and the Bryce Harlow Foundation CLOSEUP.ORG