1. Urbanization – Part Two GGS 12 Manuel/Sheppard

2. URBAN vs. RURAL HAMLET – Less than 100 people VILLAGE – Between 100 and 1000 people Ex. Aylesford, Tatamagouche RURAL

3. TOWN – Between 1000 and 10 000 people Ex. Windsor, Bridgewater CITY – Over 10 000 people Ex. Truro, Dartmouth METROPOLIS or METROPOLITAIN AREA – Over 100 000 people Ex. Halifax Regional Municipality URBAN Statistics Canada considers any community with at least 1000 people to be an urban community.

4. MEGA-CITY or MEGALOPOLIS – over 10 000 000 people Ex. Tokyo, Los Angeles, Mumbai CONURBATION – formed when separate cities and their suburbs grow into each other, forming an even larger urban complex. – Ex: New York City, Washington, DC, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston. “BosNyWash” All together they hold over 40 million people.

5. Population Pressure: Mexico City Watch the video and answer the questions distributed.

6. CAUSES OF URBAN GROWTH Two main avenues of urban growth: – Natural Increase Fueled by improved food supplies and medical care. – Migration Caused by push factors forcing people out of the countryside, and pull factors drawing them into cities.

7. PUSH FACTORS leading to rural-urban migration in developing countries… Poverty and poor living conditions. Few job opportunities. Lack of educational opportunities. Medical facilities are rare. Most land is owned by landowners who pay low wages.

8. Migration PULL FACTORS to the City Excitement and Vitality Jobs Housing Entertainment Social Mobility and Power Specialization of Professions Schools Transportation Specialized Medical Care

9. CURRENT URBAN PROBLEMS Developing World – Uncontrollable Growth Traffic and Congestion Air Pollution Sewer Systems and Water Pollution – Only 35% of urban residents in developing world have satisfactory sanitation. – About same percentage do not have safe drinking water.

10. Current World Problems Housing – At least 1 billion people live in slums of central cities and in shantytowns in the outskirts of cities. Around 100 million people have no home at all.

11. Current World Problems The Developed World – Rapid growth of cities that accompanied industrialization has mostly slowed or reversed. Many of the environmental problems have been reduced. – Many major polluters have moved to developing countries.

12. Counterurbanization The process of people leaving cities to find a better lifestyle in the outer suburbs or rural areas. Most likely to occur in developed countries (MDCs).

13. PUSH FACTORS leading to Counterurbanization in MDCs – quiet living – more living space – cheaper land and homes – freedom/privacy – slower paced lifestyle – better air quality – smaller class sizes in schools – outdoor entertainment, hiking, hunting, etc.