1. Labour based engineering standards - Lengthman maintenance in South Africa D Jones Transportek, CSIR South Africa

2. Background  Zibambele - “we do it ourselves”  Based on Kenya system  8300 people employed (14000)  Politically inspired - poverty relief  Poorest of the poor - community selection  Mostly women  Basic access and district roads

3. Background  Sections - 500 - 1000m  Distance to date - 6000km  Work - 60 hours per month  Pay  R300 / month (± US$60)  R50 in savings  Government pay system  Tasks  Drain clearing  Stone removal  Erosion  Pothole filling

4. Background  Basic tools  Wheel barrow  Hoe  Pick  Shovel  Slasher  Compactor  Reflective jacket

5. Background  Supervision  Local - community  Regional - Roads Department  Training  Basic  On the job  More formal training to follow?  Problems  Political interference

6. Way forward  De-politicize  Road maintenance focus  Ensure sustainability  Implement country wide  Training  Environmental awareness