1. The Bill of Rights George Mason- at Constitutional Convention wanted declaration of rights George Mason- at Constitutional Convention wanted declaration of rights James Madison-drafted Bill of Rights using many of Mason’s ideas from Virginia Declaration of Rights(1776) James Madison-drafted Bill of Rights using many of Mason’s ideas from Virginia Declaration of Rights(1776) September 25, 1789-12 amendments sent to the states (#of constituents, pay) September 25, 1789-12 amendments sent to the states (#of constituents, pay) 1791-ratified 1791-ratified

2. Amendment 1 Religion Religion “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof” “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof”

3. Amendment 1 Speech Speech Schenck v. U.S.-Clear and Present danger Clause. Pamphlets-draft, illegal. WWI. Schenck v. U.S.-Clear and Present danger Clause. Pamphlets-draft, illegal. WWI. Words which, ordinarily and in many places, would be within the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment may become subject to prohibition when of such a nature and used in such circumstances as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils which Congress has a right to prevent. The character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done. Words which, ordinarily and in many places, would be within the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment may become subject to prohibition when of such a nature and used in such circumstances as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils which Congress has a right to prevent. The character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done.

4. Amendment 1 Press Press

5. Amendment 1 Assembly Assembly

6. Amendment 1 Petition Petition

7. Amendment 2 “A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed” “A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed”

8. Amendment 3 Quartering of Troops Quartering of Troops “No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.” “No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.”

9. Amendment 4 Search and Seizure Search and Seizure Search warrant Search warrant

10. Amendment 5 Indictment by Grand Jury Indictment by Grand Jury Double Jeopardy Clause Double Jeopardy Clause Self Incrimination Clause Self Incrimination Clause Due Process Due Process Eminent Domain Eminent Domain

11. Amendment 6 Speedy, public trial Speedy, public trial Must be informed of charges Must be informed of charges Right to confront witnesses Right to confront witnesses Counsel Counsel

12. Amendment 7 Jury trial in Civil cases, if exceeds $20. Jury trial in Civil cases, if exceeds $20.

13. Amendment 8 Bail Bail Cruel and unusual punishments Cruel and unusual punishments

14. Amendment 9 “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.” “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”

15. Amendment 10 “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.” “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.”