1. Chapter Eight Managing Stress and Anxiety Lesson One Effects of Stress Pgs 198-204

2. The Body’s Stress Response Two major body systems are active during the response to stressors: Two major body systems are active during the response to stressors: 1. Nervous System (brain, spinal cord, and nerves) 1. Nervous System (brain, spinal cord, and nerves) 2. Endocrine System (glands and hormones) 2. Endocrine System (glands and hormones)

3. Stress in Your Life Stress is the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands Stress is the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands Stress can affect your physical, mental /emotional, and social health Stress can affect your physical, mental /emotional, and social health

4. Stress in Your Life Perception is the act of becoming aware through the senses Perception is the act of becoming aware through the senses One way to manage stress is to change how you perceive and react to events that cause it One way to manage stress is to change how you perceive and react to events that cause it

5. Causes of Stress Biological stressors: illness, disabilities, or injuries Biological stressors: illness, disabilities, or injuries Environmental stressors: poverty, pollution, crowding, noise, or natural disasters Environmental stressors: poverty, pollution, crowding, noise, or natural disasters Cognitive stressors: the way you perceive a situation or how it affects you Cognitive stressors: the way you perceive a situation or how it affects you Personal behavior stressors: negative reactions from tobacco, alcohol, drugs, or lack of physical activity Personal behavior stressors: negative reactions from tobacco, alcohol, drugs, or lack of physical activity Life situation stressors: death of a loved one, parents’ divorce, trouble with peers Life situation stressors: death of a loved one, parents’ divorce, trouble with peers

6. Causes of Stress Your past experiences will influence your perception of stressors in your life Your past experiences will influence your perception of stressors in your life

7. Stage One: The Alarm Response Alarm is the first stage in the stress response Alarm is the first stage in the stress response Mind and body go on high alert Mind and body go on high alert “Fight-or-Flight” response “Fight-or-Flight” response Physical symptoms: pupil dilation, perspiration, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased muscle tension, etc. Physical symptoms: pupil dilation, perspiration, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased muscle tension, etc.

8. Stage Two: Resistance Your body adapts to the rush created by the alarm Your body adapts to the rush created by the alarm The body either “fights” or takes “flight” The body either “fights” or takes “flight” The body is briefly able to perform at a higher level The body is briefly able to perform at a higher level

9. Stage Three: Fatigue When exposure to stress is prolonged, the body is affected and loses its ability to adapt to the situation and fatigue may set in When exposure to stress is prolonged, the body is affected and loses its ability to adapt to the situation and fatigue may set in During fatigue, a tired feeling takes over that lowers your level of activity During fatigue, a tired feeling takes over that lowers your level of activity Your ability to effectively manage other stressors is very low Your ability to effectively manage other stressors is very low Both the mind and body are exhausted Both the mind and body are exhausted

10. Stage Three: Fatigue Physical fatigue results when the muscles work vigorously for long periods, often leading to soreness and pain Physical fatigue results when the muscles work vigorously for long periods, often leading to soreness and pain Psychological fatigue can result from constant worry, overwork, depression, boredom, isolation, or feeling overwhelmed Psychological fatigue can result from constant worry, overwork, depression, boredom, isolation, or feeling overwhelmed Pathological fatigue is tiredness brought on by overworking the body’s defenses in fighting disease (anemia, the flu, being overweight, and poor nutrition) Pathological fatigue is tiredness brought on by overworking the body’s defenses in fighting disease (anemia, the flu, being overweight, and poor nutrition)

11. Prolonged Stress Repeated or prolonged stress can lead to stress- related illnesses caused by the changes that take place in your body during the three stages Repeated or prolonged stress can lead to stress- related illnesses caused by the changes that take place in your body during the three stages Mild illnesses include upset stomach or sleeplessness Mild illnesses include upset stomach or sleeplessness Serious illness include high blood pressure or heart disease Serious illness include high blood pressure or heart disease

12. Symptoms of Stress Physical: headaches, upset stomach, muscle aches, and ringing in the ears Physical: headaches, upset stomach, muscle aches, and ringing in the ears Emotional: edginess, frustration, and crying Emotional: edginess, frustration, and crying Mental: trouble reading or thinking clearly, lack of creativity, and loss of sense of humor Mental: trouble reading or thinking clearly, lack of creativity, and loss of sense of humor Behavioral: not eating, overeating, compulsive talking, foot tapping, drumming fingers, or changes in sleep patterns Behavioral: not eating, overeating, compulsive talking, foot tapping, drumming fingers, or changes in sleep patterns

13. Stress and Your Health Physical Effects Stress can lead to a psychosomatic response, which is a physical reaction resulting from stress Stress can lead to a psychosomatic response, which is a physical reaction resulting from stress Headache Headache Asthma Asthma High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure Weakened Immune System Weakened Immune System

14. Stress and Your Health Mental/Emotional and Social Effects Difficulty Concentrating Difficulty Concentrating Mood Swings Mood Swings Risks of Substance Abuse Risks of Substance Abuse

15. Strategies for Controlling Chronic Stress Engage in physical activity Engage in physical activity Look for support among friends and family Look for support among friends and family Find a relaxing hobby or activity Find a relaxing hobby or activity Avoid tobacco, alcohol, or drugs Avoid tobacco, alcohol, or drugs