1. Anatomy and Physiology I
Muscles that Move the Arm, Forearm, Hand and Fingers
Instructor: Mary Holman

2. Review: Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Posterior Thoracic Muscles
Trapezius *
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major *
Rhomboid minor
* = know origin & insertion

3. Pectoralis minor Origin: Insertion: Action:
Fig. 9.28
Pectoralis minor
Anterior
Origin:
Three upper ribs (can vary)
Insertion:
Coracoid process of
scapula
Action:
Depresses and pulls
scapula forward, rotates it
downward
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4. Serratus anterior Origin: Insertion: Action: Superior 8 or 9 ribs
Fig. 9.28
Serratus anterior
Origin:
Superior 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion:
Ventral surface of scapula
Action:
Pulls scapula anteriorly
and downward
Anterior
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5. Trapezius * Origin: Occipital bone Insertion: Clavicle,
Posterior
Trapezius *
Anterior
Origin: Occipital bone
& spines of 7th cervical
and all thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle,
spine, and acromion
process of scapula
Action: Rotates scapula
can raise, pull medially,
pull upward or depress
scapula
Fig. 9.28
Fig. 9.27b
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6. Levator scapulae Origin: Transverse Insertion: Medial Action: Elevates
Fig. 9.29a
Levator scapulae
Posterior
Origin: Transverse
processes of superior 4
or 5 cervical vertebrae
Spine of
scapula
Insertion: Medial
border of scapula
Action: Elevates
scapula and rotates it
downward

7. Rhomboideus major * Origin: Spines of Insertion: Medial
Fig. 9.27d
Rhomboideus major *
Posterior
Fig. 9.27a
Origin: Spines of
upper thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
margin of scapula
Action: Adducts,
elevates and
rotates scapula

8. Rhomboideus minor Origin: Spines of Insertion: Medial Action: Adducts,
Fig. 9.27d
Rhomboideus minor
Posterior
Fig. 9.27a
Origin: Spines of
lower cervical
vertebrae
Insertion: Medial
margin of scapula
Action: Adducts,
and elevates
scapula

9. Origins of Muscles that Move the Humerus (Upper Arm)
Originate on Axial Skeleton
Pectoralis major *
Latissimus dorsi
Originate on Scapula
Deltoid *
Suprascapularis
Infrascapularis
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Teres major
Coracobrachialis 2 7
Rotator cuff
Muscles

10. Muscles that Move the Humerus (Arm)
Flexors * Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Extensors * Latissimus dorsi Teres major 2
Abductors Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Rotators Infraspinatus Teres minor
Subscapularis 2 3 2
* The muscles that flex and
extend the humerus also
act as adductors

11. Pectoralis major * Origin: Clavicle, sternum,
Fig. 9.28
Pectoralis major *
Origin: Clavicle, sternum,
and costal cartilages of
upper ribs
Insertion: Intertubercular
groove of humerus
Action: Flexes, adducts and
rotates arm medially
Anterior

12. Coracobrachialis Origin: Coracoid Insertion: Shaft of
Fig. 9.31a
Fig. 9.31d
Origin: Coracoid
process of the
scapula
Insertion: Shaft of
humerus medial side
Action: Flexes and
adducts the arm
Anterior

13. Latissimus dorsi Origin: spines of Insertion: Action:Extends,
Fig. 9.27a
Posterior
Fig. 9.27d
Origin: spines of
vertebrae, iliac
crest and lower
ribs
Insertion:
Intertubercular
groove humerus
Action:Extends,
adducts and
rotates arm
medially

14. Teres major Origin: Lateral Insertion: Action: border of scapula
Posterior
Fig. 9.29b
Origin: Lateral
border of
scapula
Fig. 9.29a
Posterior
Insertion:
Intertubercular
groove of
humerus
Action:
Extends,
adducts and
rotates arm
medially

15. Deltoid * Origin: Insertion: Action: Spine and acromion of scapula, &
Fig. 9.31a
Anterior
Deltoid *
Fig. 9.29a
Posterior
Origin:
Spine and
acromion
of scapula, &
clavicle
Insertion:
Deltoid
tuberosity of
humerus
Action:
Abducts,
flexes, and
extends arm.

16. Supraspinatus Origin: Posterior surface Insertion: Greater tubercle
Fig. 9.29c
Origin: Posterior surface
of scapula above spine
Insertion: Greater tubercle
of humerus
Action: Abducts arm
Posterior

17. Infraspinatus Origin: Posterior surface Insertion: Greater
Fig. 9.29b
Infraspinatus
Origin: Posterior surface
of scapula below spine
Insertion: Greater
tubercle of humerus
Action: Rotates arm
laterally
Posterior

18. Teres minor Origin: Lateral Insertion: Action: Rotates
Fig. 9.29c
Fig. 9.29a
Origin: Lateral
border of scapula
Insertion:
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Action: Rotates
arm laterally
Posterior

19. Subscapularis Origin: Anterior Insertion: Lesser Action: Rotates
Fig. 9.31a
Fig. 9.31c
Origin: Anterior
surface of scapula
Insertion: Lesser
tubercle of humerus
Action: Rotates
arm medially
Anterior
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20. S Supraspinatus I Infraspinatus T Teres minor S Subscapularis
Rotator Cuff Muscles
S Supraspinatus
I Infraspinatus
T Teres minor
S Subscapularis
Assist the joint capsule, coracohumeral ligament,
glenohumeral ligament and transverse ligament in
stabilizing the shoulder joint

21. Rotator Cuff S I S T Anterior B A
From: Anatomy & Physiology: Seeley, Stephens and Tate 6th Ed.

22. Fig. 9.30 Pectoralis major Serratus anterior Coracobrachialis Deltoid
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Humerus
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23. Muscles that Move the Forearm
Biceps brachii *
Brachialis *
Brachioradialis
Triceps brachii *
Supinator
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus

24. Actions of the Muscles that Move the Forearm
3 Flexors
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
3 Rotators
Supinator
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
“3” Extensors
Triceps brachii

25. Biceps brachii * Short head Long head Origin: Short head - Coracoid
Fig. 9.31b
Anterior
Biceps brachii *
Short head
Long head
Origin: Short head - Coracoid
process
Long head - Tubercle above
glenoid cavity of scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
and aponeurosis
Action: Flexes forearm at
elbow and rotates arm laterally (supinates)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

26. Brachialis * Origin: Anterior Insertion: Coronoid Action: Flexes
Fig. 9.31a
Fig. 9.31d
Brachialis *
Origin: Anterior
shaft of humerus
Insertion: Coronoid
process of the ulna
Action: Flexes
forearm at the
elbow
Anterior

27. Brachioradialis Origin: Lateral border Insertion: Superior
Fig. 9.32a
Fig. 9.32b
Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral border
of the distal end of the
humerus
Insertion: Superior
to styloid process
of the radius
Action: Flexes forearm
at elbow
Anterior

28. Triceps brachii * Origin: Tubercle below Insertion: Olecranon
Fig. 9.29d
Triceps brachii *
Posterior
Origin: Tubercle below
glenoid cavity and lateral
and medial surfaces of the
humerus
Insertion: Olecranon
process of the ulna
Action: Extends elbow
Posterior
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

29. Supinator Origin: Lateral Insertion: Lateral Action: Rotates
Fig. 9.32a
Supinator
Anterior
Origin: Lateral
epicondyle
of humerus
and ridge near
the radial notch
of ulna
Insertion: Lateral
surface of proximal
third of radius
Action: Rotates
forearm laterally
(supinates hand)
From: Anatomy & Physiology: Seeley, Stephens and Tate 6th Ed.

30. Pronator teres Origin: Medial epicondyle Insertion: Lateral surface
Fig. 9.32c
Pronator teres
Origin: Medial epicondyle
of humerus and coronoid
process of ulna
Insertion: Lateral surface
of radius
Action: Rotates forearm
medially (pronates
hand)
Anterior

31. Pronator quadratus Origin: Anterior distal end
Fig. 9.32c
Pronator quadratus
Origin: Anterior distal end
of ulna
Insertion: Anterior distal
end of radius I O
Action: Rotates forearm
medially (pronates
hand)
Anterior

32. Fig. 9.30 Short head of biceps brachii Long head of biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Humerus
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33. Muscles that Move the Hand
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

34. Actions of the Muscles that Move the Hand
3 Flexors
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
3 Extensors
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

35. Flexor carpi radialis Origin: Medial Insertion: Base of
Fig. 9.32a
Fig. 9.32d
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: Medial
epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of
2nd and 3rd
metacarpals
Action: Flexes wrist
and abducts hand
Anterior

36. Palmaris longus Origin: Medial epicondyle Insertion: Fascia of palm
Fig. 9.32a
Palmaris longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle
of humerus
Insertion: Fascia of palm
Action: Flexes wrist
Anterior

37. Flexor carpi ulnaris Origin: Medial epi- Insertion: Carpal &
Fig. 9.32a
Fig. 9.32b
Ant
Ant
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Post
Origin: Medial epi-
condyle of humerus
and olecranon
process of the ulna
9.33a
Insertion: Carpal &
metacarpal bones
Action: Flexes
wrist and adducts
hand

38. Extensor carpi ulnaris
Fig. 9.33a
Fig. 9.33c
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle
of humerus
Insertion: Carpal and
metacarpal bones
Action: Extends and
adducts hand
Posterior

39. Extensor carpi radialis longus brevis
Fig. 9.33a
Fig. 9.33b
Extensor carpi radialis longus
brevis
Origin: longus - distal end
of humerus
brevis - lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Insertion: longus - base of
2nd metacarpal
brevis - base of 2nd & 3rd
metacarpal
Action: Extends wrist &
abducts hand
Posterior

40. Muscles that Move the Fingers
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Extensor digitorum

41. Actions of the Muscles that Move the Fingers
2 Flexors
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
1 Extensor
Extensor digitorum

42. Flexor digitorum superficialis
Fig. 9.32e
Fig. 9.32a
Origin: Medial epicondyle of
humerus, olecranon process
of ulna, and the radius
Insertion: Tendons of the
fingers
Action: Flexes the fingers
and wrist
Anterior

43. Flexor digitorum profundus
Anterior
Origin: Anterior surface of
ulna
Insertion: Bases of distal
phalanges 2 through 5
Action: Flexes the distal
joints of the fingers
From: Anatomy & Physiology:
Seeley, Stephens and Tate 6th Ed.

44. Extensor digitorum Origin: Lateral epicondyle Insertion: Posterior
Fig. 9.33a
Fig. 9.33c
Extensor digitorum
Origin: Lateral epicondyle
of the humerus
Insertion: Posterior
surfaces of phalanges
in fingers 2 through 5
Action: Extends fingers
and wrist
Posterior

45. Fig. 9.34b Radius Ulna Abductor pollicis longus m.
Extensor digitorum m.
Flexor pollicis longus m.
Extensor carpi
ulnaris m.
Radius
Extensor pollicis
longus m.
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis m. p p
Ulna
Extensor carpi
radialis longus m.
Flexor digitorum
profundus m. p
Pronator teres m.
Ulnar n.
Brachioradialis m.
Ulnar a.
Radial n.
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Radial a.
Median n.
Flexor carpi radialis m.
Flexor digitorum
superficialis m.
Anterior
Palmaris longus m.
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46. Flexor retinaculum
Extensor retinaculum