1. SOUTH AFRICA PART 1

2. BELLWORK: DEFINE TERMS  Concertina: a small, simple and less expensive version of the piano or accordion  Kora: A west African harp-like instrument  Kwela: a pennywhistle whose style of performance was developed on the streets by young boys in the 1940’s  Mbira: central African thumb piano

3. ANNOUNCEMENTS  Test on South Africa May 6 th  Harp clinic April 29th

4. OUTCOMES  Scholars Will:  Grammar: Learn basic facts about South Africa  Logic: Learn to sing in Parallel parts

5. PRE-KNOWLEDGE  Name a famous South African hero.  What famous sporting event was recently held in South Africa?  Name a city in South Africa.  What is the climate of South Africa?

6. CAPETOWN

7. NELSON MANDELA

8. WORLD CUP

9. VUVUZELA

10. THE LION KING “CIRCLE OF LIFE” PERFORMED BY THE SOUTH AFRICAN CHORUS

11. CONCERTINA-VIDEO

12. KORA- VIDEO

13. KWELA

14. GUIDED NOTES  In 1994 the first democratic elections were held—they elected Nelson Mandela.  Apartheid: is the system of racial segregation legislated by Afrikaner nationalists in 1948 in South Africa. Means “separation”.  The ethnicities recognized under apartheid are: Bantu, Asiatic, Coloured and Afrikaans.  African music is a music of encounters: it is ever changing and evolving in response to new cultural influences.  One of the goals of Apartheid was to exaggerate differences among the people—divide and conquer them, so they could be controlled in small group tribes.

15. APARTHEID LEGISLATION  1949: Prohibition of Mixed marriages Act:  1951: Coloureds no longer allowed to vote,  1954: Native Residents Act sanctions the removal of blacks from cities.  1959: Independanct Homelands Project: separates blacks into different tribal areas.  1963: general law amendment act allows police to arrest and detain suspects for 90 days without trial.  1964: Mandela and others are sentenced to life in prison.  1965: Bantu laws amendment act denies 7 million black people the right to live in South Africa, except as temporary residents.

16. CFU: APARTHEID LEGISLATION  Take one card.  As we go through the timeline, see how these laws affect your rights and the places you live.  Be prepared to move about the room

17. THE ROAD TO FREEDOM  1983: United Democratic front is formed to coordinate resistance inside South Africa UN begins blacklisting/boycotts.   1990: political organizations unbanned, Mandela released.   1991: CODESA formed: Convention for a Democratic South Africa  1994: First democratic election, Nelson Mandela Elected president.

18. ACTIVE LISTENING #1: NANSI IMALI  Does this piece start in measured or free rhythm?  Does the lead singer sing a higher or lower part than the chorus?  Is this song monophonic or harmonic?

19. JUST THE FACTS LISTENING#1 NANSI IMALI  Collective singing was a central dimension of life in pre-colonial Africa.  A cappella means sung without instrumental accompaniment.

20. LADYSMITH BLACK MAMBAZO  Joseph Shabalala formed Ladysmith Black Mambazo because of a series of dreams he had in 1964, in which he heard certain isicathamiya harmonies (isicathamiya being the traditional music of the Zulu people).

21. GUIDED NOTES  There is a lot of parallel movement in traditional African music voicing.  Isicathamiya: the close harmony, 4-part singing performance of Zulu speaking male migrant workers. It means to walk stealthily like a cat.  Because the migrant workforce was male, the soprano and alto voices were sung by men. The leader of the group sang the soprano part.  In a cyclical structure there is no clear sense of beginning, middle or end: the instrumental performance is repeated over and over.

22. ELEMENTS OF ISICATHAMIYA/MBUBE  Singing back harmonies as the leader tells the story   Performers create changes in mood   Strong cadences   Begins and ends in loose time

23. CFU: SING IT!  Today we will learn how to build chords in a vocal setting.  1. Breathing exercises  2. Buzz  3. Solfege hand symbols  4. Vowels  5. Divide group into 3 parts  6. Create 3 major chords

24. GUABI, GUABI  Guabi, Guabi well I have a girlfriend,  She lives at Nkamba, sure I love her.  Guabi, Guabi well I have a girlfriend,  She lives at Nkamba, sure I love her.  And I will buy for her tasty buns and sweets and ripe bananas,  Yes, I will buy for her tasty buns and sweets and ripe bananas.

25. CFU: WHITEBOARDS  Answer the following questions on your whiteboards:

26. Q1  In what year did apartheid end (Nelson Mandela was elected also.)?

27. Q2  Who sang the soprano part in Isicathamiya groups?

28. Q3  African music is a music of _____________.

29. Q4  What word means “sung without instrumental accompaniment”?

30. ACTIVE LISTENING #2 MASKANDA  What country/instrument does the beginning of this track remind you of?  The guitarist uses a comb to play the strings—what instrument does this technique sound like?  Are the chords complex or simple?  How many different chords does the musician play?

31. JUST THE FACTS #2 MASKANDA  When blacks worked as laborers on white farms, they learned European instruments like ukulele, guitar, concertina and (violin). This music was called maskanda.   The black people have taken the European musical forms and transformed them into music of (resistance).

32. EXIT TICKET  What is the name of a pennywhistle whose style of performance was developed on the streets by young boys in the 1940’s?  List two laws enacted under Apartheid legislation:  Name two elements of Isicathamiya:  What was one goal of the apartheid?