1. Which had a greater role - the metropole or the periphery? Write down your answer and give a reason. The policy of confederation The British and Zulus initially having an agreement The British and the Zulus going back on this agreement Frere issuing his ultimatum The British invading the Zulu kingdom in 1879 The British embarrassing defeat at Rorke’s Drift The British triumph at the Battle of Ulundi The British imprisoning Cetshwayo The British dividing up Zululand The British eventually annexing Zululand

2. What Caused the First Boer War? The Boers were frustrated that the British hadn’t really defeated their enemies the Zulus, they had just divided up their kingdom. The Boers had originally tried passive resistance against the British and hoped that talks would grant them further independence. It seemed like it wasn’t working. The talks between Britain and the Boers were confusing. Finally when President Kruger read the British Queen’s speech in 1880 it simply said that the Transvaal would have self- government, not independence. President Kruger was very determined and managed to unite all the different factions of the Boers. He used Christianity t try to get followers. Wolesely was a committed British colonialist, and was now in charge of British affairs in South Africa. Background – the British had annexed the Transvaal in 1877, in violation of the Sand river Convention of 1852. Diamonds had been discovered in the 1870s.

3. Number your events in the right order. What does this painting suggest to you about the First Boer War? How would Britain have felt about this? An 8 th of the British force were wiped out on the first day. The Boers from Orange Free State and Natal went to join the Boers in the Transvaal. The Boers had 7000 men, the British just 2000. The Boers had poor ammunition but the British had advanced weaponry. The Boers surrounded the British who were on top of a hill in Northern Natal. They crept up the hill and ambushed them. They suffered an embarrassing defeat on the 6 th of January 1880. The Boers decided to raise their national flag on the 10 th of December 1880. They put three men in charge of the new republic and they drew up plans for an independence war. They told Britain they must leave.

4. What would the main impacts have been? Think Pair Share! Wolesley was embarrassed. Gladstone further questioned the policy of imperialism. The Transvaal’s independence was restored. The British government kept saying they had sovereignty over the republic anyway. Quiz each other based on your aims. We call it the first Boer war. What might the Boers call it?

5. Who are these men? What do they have to do with the British Empire? One of them is a Social Darwinist, what is this and which one is it?

6. 1886 Gold discovered at Witwatersrand in the Transvaal, near Johannesberg. By 1896 the Transvaal government was the richest in Africa with annual revenues of over £8 million from minerals, British investment underpinned this. 2/3 of the Rand’s mines were owned by British stockholders. 1891 Rhodes establishes a monopoly over the Kimberley mines.1884 Rhodes had led a campaign to take over Becheaunanland. Write down three key facts.

7. 1886 Gold discovered at Witwatersrand in the Transvaal. Waves of British immigrants poured in trying to make their fortune, they were called Utilanders. By the mid 1890s they outnumbered the Boers, but the Boers stated that they had to live there for 14 years before they could apply for naturalisation, this prevented them from having the vote. The Utilanders were also subjected to harsh taxation. By 1896 the Transvaal government was the richest in Africa with annual revenues of over £8 million from minerals, British investment underpinned this. 2/3 of the Rand’s mines were owned by British stockholders. 1891 Rhodes establishes a monopoly over the Kimberley mines.1884 Rhodes had led a campaign to take over Becheaunanland. It cost them a lot of money but Rhodes used it as spring board to take over into Zambesia. Write down three key facts. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=PFm51F3R_7U

8.  Read your handouts and underline key information.  For the Jameson raid part 1. What was the Jameson Raid and why did it occur? 2. Why did it fail and what repurcussions would this have? 3. How significant was Rhodes in the Jameson Raid? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21Y8 tGw8sxE Watch this youtube clip – what is it about?

9. What problems did the British face in South Africa? How significant was Rhodes in the development of these problems? How could they solve these problems? What factors other than Rhodes were there in the build up to the second Boer War?

10. To what extent had Britain achieved their imperial aims by 1898 in South Africa? Homework – read your handouts and add more detail to your notes.