1. Forensic Science Services in the Crime Lab: –Physical Science Lab Chemistry, physics, geology Drugs, glass, paint, explosives, soil –Biology Unit Biologists, biochemists DNA, blood (stains), bodily fluids, wood, plant material –Firearms Unit Firearms, discharged bullets/casings & shells, ammo Analysis of materials for GSR (gunshot residue)

2. Document Examination Unit –Handwriting/type analysis Authenticity or source –Indented writings, other anomalies Photography Unit –All aspects of photography Digital, infrared, UV, X-ray (unseen evidence) Prepares photos for court Extras: Toxicology Unit (poisons/drugs) Latent Fingerprints (hidden) Polygraph Unit (interrogation)

3. Voiceprint Analysis Unit (telephone or tape analysis) Crime-Scene Investigation Unit (specialize in evidence collection) Other specializations in forensics: Forensic Pathology (Medical Examiners): –Who is the victim? –Injuries present –When did the injuries occur? –How were the injuries produced? –CAUSE OF DEATH Done by autopsy How is time of death determined?:

4. Determining Time of Death by determining stage of decomposition: Rigor Mortis: Muscles spend excess ATP by becoming rigid (up to 36 hours) Livor Mortis: –B–Blood settles to low points of body for first 12 hours after death –N–Not affected by points of constriction Tell position of body Algor Mortis –B–Body cools in predictable fashion until ambient (room temp) –R–Rule of thumb: 1 -1.5 degrees per hour (norm. cond.) Vitreous Humor: Potassium is released into fluid of eye in a predictable fashion Other: amount/cond. of food in stomach

5. Forensic Anthropology: Identification and examination of skeletal remains Forensic Entomolgy: Study of insects and their relationship to investigation Forensic Psychiatry: relationship b/n human behavior and legal precedings –Competence? –Profiling Forensic Odentology:  Teeth –Bite marks in cases –Last remaining for ID