1. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Active Lecture Questions for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Chapter 35 Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept Check Specific animal behaviors are primarily influenced or determined by 1)genetic factors (genes). 2)environmental factors. 3)a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. 4)neither genetic nor environmental factors.

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer Specific animal behaviors are primarily influenced or determined by 3)a combination of both genetic and environmental factors.

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept Check Based on optimal foraging theory which of the following seed items would you predict would be eaten first at a winter bird feeding station? 1)Whole sunflower seeds (oil based) 2)Dried whole corn seed (starch based) 3)Shelled sunflower seeds (oil based) 4)Cracked corn seed (starch based)

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer Based on optimal foraging theory which of the following seed items would you predict would be eaten first at a winter bird feeding station? 3)Shelled sunflower seeds (oil based)

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept Check A worker bee returning to the hive from a rich but distant nectar source begins a “waggle” dance on the vertical honeycomb. What part of the dance probably communicates the direction that other bees are to fly in order to find the nectar? 1)The scent of the flowers that is on the bee. 2)How many times the bee repeats the dance. 3)The angle of the straight part of the dance from vertical. 4)The amount of waggle and buzzing in the straight part of the dance.

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer A worker bee returning to the hive from a rich but distant nectar source begins a “waggle” dance on the vertical honeycomb. What part of the dance probably communicates the direction that other bees are to fly in order to find the nectar? 3)The angle of the straight part of the dance from vertical.

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Thinking Like a Scientist This figure plots the activity patterns of flying squirrels under two light interval treatments: (1) shows the pattern of a squirrel on an alternating 12 hour light/12 hour dark. (2) shows the pattern for a squirrel kept in constant darkness. After 23 days what pattern change is evident in squirrel in constant darkness? 1)There is not real change in the pattern. 2)The length of activity has shortened a great deal but it is still timed the same. 3)The activity pattern has shifted almost 8 hours.

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer This figure plots the activity patterns of flying squirrels under two light interval treatments: (1) shows the pattern of a squirrel on an alternating 12 hour light/12 hour dark. (2) shows the pattern for a squirrel kept in constant darkness. After 23 days what pattern change is evident in squirrel in constant darkness? 3)The activity pattern has shifted almost 8 hours.

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Thinking Like a Scientist The longer the squirrel is held in constant darkness the more irregular the activity pattern seems to become with the squirrel showing brief periods of activity during the entire 24 hour cycle. At which point in the experiment does the irregularity appear to start? 1)From the very beginning 2)After day 14. 3)Not until the very end of the experiment.

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer The longer the squirrel is held in constant darkness the more irregular the activity pattern seems to become with the squirrel showing brief periods of activity during the entire 24 hour cycle. At which point in the experiment does the irregularity appear to start? 2)After day 14.

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Thinking Like a Scientist Which of the following observations about normal flying squirrel activity patterns is supported by the data displayed in graph #1? 1)Flying squirrels are active throughout the day. 2)Flying squirrels are mostly active at night. 3)Flying squirrels have an irregular activity pattern.

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Answer Which of the following observations about normal flying squirrel activity patterns is supported by the data displayed in graph #1? 2)Flying squirrels are mostly active at night.

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Science and Society Some animal rights activists feel that using animals as experimental models is cruel and should not be allowed. Some activists have even taken a violent path to make their point. On the other hand, animal research has informed a great deal of research that has direct application to human health. Many researchers feel that animal models are absolutely essential for moving research forward. Should animal use in research continue as long as strict ethical guidelines are enforced and followed? Disagree Agree Strongly A B C D E Strongly

15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Science and Society Animal and human behaviors are the result of a complex interactions of genes and environmental factors. Describing animal behavior in this fashion is generally not controversial. Describing human behavior in this fashion often runs counter with certain segments of society. As the genes in the human genome are characterized—even genes that influence behavior do you think this data should be used to inform social policy? Disagree Agree Strongly A B C D E Strongly

16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Science and Society During the early part of this century a branch of genetics— eugenics sprung up to explain the characteristics of humans. This early science was quickly abused and used as justification to pass discriminatory immigration laws, mental health laws and in the extreme, justification of Nazi policies in Europe during the 1930’s and 40’s. Today, some are worried about additional abuse as we learn more about how our genes interact with our environment to influence our personalities and who we are. Are the benefits of understanding how genes and environment interact to produce human nature worth the risks of improper applications? Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree A. E. C. B. D.