1. 406ELT General presentation by Lloyd Klee

2. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 2 Specification documents  Early 70’s: first regulation (TSO-C91)  1983 : RTCA DO183 (TSO-C91a) MOPS for ELTs operating on 121.5 and 243 MHz  1989 : RTCA DO204 (TSO-C126) MOPS for ELTs operating on COSPAS-SARSAT 406 MHz  1990 : EUROCAE ED62 European equivalent for both TSO-C91a and TSO-C126 (Different G-Switch activation curve)

3. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 3 Beacon limitations  Resistance of the housing not compatible with the environmental constraints of a crash  Improper mounting and location in the aircraft  Too many false alarms due to  Poor specifications for the shock detector  No warning to the pilot in case of activation (no remote control in the cockpit)  Inadequate sequence of functioning test

4. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 4 Current System limitations  The aircraft monitor on 121.5 Mhz  The 121.5 MHz signal can be relayed by the COSPAS-SARSAT satellites but within local range  No global coverage  Satellites being phased out  No precise positioning  No identification of the aircraft in distress

5. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 5 Improvements Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna 5 Watt transmission power Global coverage Identification of the aircraft N N N N N N N T SO- C91

6. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 6 Improvements Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna 5 Watt transmission power Global coverage Identification of the aircraft N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y N N N TSO- C91 TSO- C91a

7. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 7 Improvements Improved mechanical resistanceNYY TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126

8. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 8 Improvements Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch N N Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126

9. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 9 Improvements Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126

10. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 10 Improvements Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna 5 Watt transmission power N N N N N Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126

11. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 11 Improvements Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna 5 Watt transmission power Global coverage N N N N N N Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna 5 Watt transmission power N N N N N Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126

12. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 12 Improvements Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna 5 Watt transmission power Global coverage Identification of the aircraft N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna 5 Watt transmission power Global coverage N N N N N N Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna 5 Watt transmission power N N N N N Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit Outside antenna N N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126 Improved mechanical resistance Improved G-Switch Remote control panel in the cockpit N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y TSO- C91 TSO- C91a TSO- C126

13. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 13 “Solutions  Commercial aviation  Airliners  Commuters  General Aviation  Business aircraft  Helicopters  Light aircraft Carry off style 406AS

14. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 14 Wide range of accessories  Remote Control Panels  Programming Dongles  Mounting Brackets  Antennas  NAV-ELT interfaces  Programming and testing tools

15. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 15 COSPAS-SARSAT  Identification of the Aircraft  Precise positioning  Global coverage  SEE www.cospas-sarsat.org

16. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 16 Satellite System for SAR

17. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 17 Distress Message Processing LUTs (Ground Stations) MCC (Mission Control Centers)

18. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 18 Precise pinpointing  Thanks to an Ultra-Stable signal, the COSPAS-SARSAT satellites can pinpoint a 406Mhz ELT by doppler effect within 2 Nautical Miles (according to COSPAS- SARSAT spec).  Test carried out with one brand of ELT show  an accuracy better than 500 meters  The position of the aircraft can be added in the “long” digital message with an accuracy of 4” (less than 125 meters). A special “NAV-ELT” interface is required (CS144).

19. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 19 COSPAS-SARSAT satellites The COSPAS-SARSAT alerting system is based on two types of satellites :  LEOSAR (Low Earth Orbiting Search And Rescue Satellites)  GEOSAR (Geostationary Earth Orbiting Search And Rescue Satellites)

20. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 20 LEOSAR satellites  Polar orbiting satellites  5 satellites  Altitude = 850 km approx  Revolution period = approx 105 minutes + Low altitude (high link margin) Global coverage (including the poles) Visible from any place in the world (even behind a tall mountain...) 406 MHz signal processed by the satellite (Recording) Location of the transmitter (Doppler effect) 121,5 MHz repeater (until 2009) - Depends on satellite pass (max waiting time in Europe = 50 minutes, on the equator = 2 hours, duration 15 minutes) Ambiguity of the Doppler positioning (one position East and one position West of the satellite track) 6000km

21. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 21 GEOSAR satellites  Geostationary satellites  4 satellites  Altitude = 36 000 km (over the equator) + Always visible (within the coverage area) Quasi global coverage (except the poles) 406 MHz signal repeater Immediate alert (less than 5 minutes) - High altitude (low link margin) => will not pick- up a low signal Can be hidden by tall obstacles (eg North of a tall mountain...) Unable to determine the location of a transmitter (No Doppler effect) = identification but no position (except if the ELT transmits its position)

22. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 22 Perfect satellite complementarity  COSPAS-SARSAT benefits from the combination of both satellite systems  NB: the ELT must be able to transmit not only its ID but also its last position before the crash + Always visible (within the coverage area) Nearly global coverage (except the poles) 406 MHz signal repeater Immediate alert (less than 10 minutes) + Low altitude (high link margin) Global coverage (even the poles) Will be visible from any place on the world (even North of a tall mountain...) 406 MHz signal processed by the satellite (Recording) Can determine the location of a transmitter (Doppler effect) 121,5 MHz repeater (until feb 2009)

23. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 23 What do you require ? …for an Automatic Fixed or Automatic Portable ELT system  ELT transmitter  Mounting Bracket  Remote Control Panel  Outside Antenna  Connector or Programming Dongle (option)  ELT-NAV interface module (option)       

24. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 24 New 406AF Compact for GA  406AF-COMPACT Total system kit for General Aviation  Very small 128 x 84 x 72mm  Very lightweight 800 grams  Very affordable  $1995 including GST  Includes whip antenna,  remote control,  mounting bracket  Connectors  We are also looking at standard install cable lengths  Programmable  GPS interface options  Suitable rotary wing with 45 degree mount

25. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 25 Personal 406MHz (PLB’S) Small 135 x 70 x 38mm lightweight less than 250gms with GPS $899 incl GST without GPS $599 incl GST

26. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 26 Operational check1/2  When : Every first flight of each month  By whom: Pilot, Maintenance man  Where : From the cockpit (Remote Control Panel)  How : Press “TEST” on the Remote Control Panel and check the self-test result on the LED  One long flash = ELT OK  Short flashes = Faulty ELT If the ELT is considered as a “NO GO” equipment according to national regulation, the flight must be cancelled..  With what : No specific tool is required

27. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 27 Operational check2/2  Never switch the ELT to “ON” (even in the first five minutes of each hour)  It is possible to determine the type of failure by counting the number of flashes  Each self-test consumes energy from the battery which has been designed to allow an average of one self test per month. Should self-tests be carried out more often than the maximum suggested, the battery life-time might be shorter than expected.

28. www.aviationsafety.co.nz Page 28 How to contact us ?  Safety and Aviation Supplies Ltd  www.aviationsafety.co.nz  MARTEC SERPE-IESM Sarsat Department Zone Industrielle des Cinq Chemins 56520 GUIDEL - France