1. Microbiology Exam
Study Guide Answers

2. 1) What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic does not have a nucleus or other organelles. Bacteria are prokaryotic.
Eukaryotic has a nucleus and organelles. Plant, animals, and protist are eukaryotic.

3. 2) What 4 things do ALL cells have in common?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes

4. 3) What are the characteristics of the organisms in each kingdom?
Examples
PLANT
Multicellular
Makes own food
Tree
Grass
ANIMAL
Heterotrophs
Eukaryotes
Humans
Earthworms
jellyfish
PROTISTA
Unicellular or multicellular
Ameoba
Paramecium
Euglena
Volvox

5. 3)What are the characteristics of the organisms in each kingdom?
Example
FUNGI
Multicellular
Eukaryotes
Get energy by absorbing other materials
Molds
Mushrooms
Yeast (one cell)
ARCHAEA
Unicellular
Prokaryotes
Live in extreme conditions
Bacteria
BACTERIA
Only bacteria

6. 4) What are the products and reactants of photosynthesis?
Reactants (ingredients)
Carbon dioxide
Water
Sunlight or energy
Products
Oxygen
Glucose

7. 5) What are the products and reactants of respiration?
Reactants (ingredients)
Oxygen
Glucose
Products
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Energy or ATP

8. 6) And 7) Where do they take place?
Respiration
Mitochondria
Photosynthesis
In producers or autotrophs
Chloroplast

9. 8) What organelle does mitosis take place?
Nucleus

10. 9) What is the difference between mitosis and meiosos
Meiosis
2 Identical Cells
4 unidentical cells
46 chromosomes
23 chromosomes
1 round of division
2 rounds of division
Somatic (body) cells
Sex Cells

11. 10) What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Diffusion is the transfer of materials across or through the cell membrane.
Osmosis is the transfer of water through the cell membrane.

12. 11) What is the difference between viruses and bacteria?
Not Living
Cannot treat with antibiotics
Smallest microbe
Not a cell
Living
Treat with antibiotics
Larger than virus
Prokaryotic cell
DNA
Microbe
Pathogen

13. 12) What are the different ways organisms in the Kingdom Protists move?
Flagella- whip or tail like
Cilia- hair like
Psuedopod- false feet

14. 13) Describe differences between amoeba, paramecium, Eulgena, and Volvox.
See notebook and the chart copied from Coach page 293
Amoeba- pseudopod
Paramecium-cilia, oral groove
Euglenia- flagella, eyespot, both autotroph and heterotroph
Volvox- flagella, autotroph, live in colonies

15. 14) What is the difference between a pathogen and a vector?
A pathogen is a microbe that causes the diseases. A vector is an organisms that carries and spreads the microbe.

16. 15) What is an example of an infectious disease
15) What is an example of an infectious disease? A non infectious disease?
Infectious- anything spread by viruses and bacteria. Examples: cold, flu, chicken pox, STD’s, Ebola
Non infectious- allergies, asthma, diabetes, and cancer.

17. 16) What are some examples of vectors and what diseases are carried by vectors?
Ticks- Lyme Disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Mosquitoes- Malaria, West Nile Fever, Yellow Fever
Animals- Rabies
Humans- STD’s, cold, flu

18. 17) What are some concerns with the overuse of antibiotics and hand sanitizers?
Kills all bacteria both good and bad.
Bacteria mutate and multiply quickly and can become resistant to antibiotics.

19. 18) What are examples of diseases caused by virus? Bacteria?
Virus Bacteria Protist AIDS Antrax *Dysentery (amoeba) Chicken Pox B. Meningitis *Malaria (mosquitoes) Cold Leprosy Ebola *Lyme Disease (ticks) Influenza(flu) Strep throat Polio Tuberculosis *Rabies (wild animals) Hepatitis Small Pox Measles *Spread by a vector *West Nile (mosquitoes) *Yellow Fever (mosquitoes)

20. 19) What organisms are prokaryotic?
All bacteria, which includes the Kingdoms of Archeabacteria and Eubacteria.

21. 20)What is a microbe?
An organism that can only be seen with a microscope. Examples include bacteria, viruses, and protist. Some of them can cause disease and are considered germs.

22. 21) How do hand sanitizers differ from antibiotics?
Hand sanitizers kill bacteria and germs on the surface. Antibiotics kill bacteria inside the body.

23. 22) What is the difference between a host and a parasite?
A parasite needs a host in order to survive. Usually a parasite will cause harm to the host.

24. 23) What are some things that contribute to cancer?
Smoking, exposure to chemicals and toxins, UV radiation (sun), radiation, diet, heredity, asbestos

25. 24) What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?
Bacteria three basic shapes:
A. sphere-shaped bacteria- cocci
B. rod-shaped - bacilli
C. spiral-shaped bacteria- sprilla.

26. 25) How does bacteria reproduce?
Bacteria reproduce very rapidly.
Bacteria doubles as it reproduces.
Example: If bacteria reproduces every 2 minutes, how many bacteria will there be after 14 minutes?
Time # of Bacteria
0 1
2 2
4 4
6 8

27. 26) Why are viruses not considered living things?
They are not cells. They need a host cell in order to reproduce.
27) What is a mutagen?
Anything that caused a change in the DNA in a cell.

28. 28) Bacteria multiplies every 5 minutes, how long until 256 bacteria?
Time # of Bacteria

29. 29) What is an example of an antibiotic?
Penicillin and amoxcillin

30. 30) What is an epidemic? What is a pandemic?
Epidemic- disease that spreads over a wide geographic area.
Pandemic is an epidemic that spreads worldwide.

31. 31) Why is a cell membrane considered semipermeable?
Because if acts like a window screen and allows certain things to come in and out while keeping other things out of the cell.

32. 32) What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular
Unicellular- just one cell
Multicellular- many cells

33. 33) What are some ways diseases are spread?
Direct contact with an infected organism.
Water (dysentery)
Air (coughing, sneezing)
Sexual contact
Vectors (mosquitoes, ticks, wild animals)
34) What are some ways to prevent the spread of diseases?
Avoid contact with someone sick/quarantine
Control or eliminate vectors
Immunization/vaccination
Washing hands
Good sanitation and hygiene