2. The Crusades!

3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8n0qA H7nzI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8n0qA H7nzI

4. What were they? Crusades = the first 8 wars fought to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. They occurred from 1096 to 1270 Christians who fought were called CRUSADERS

6. Why would the Christians attack? Christians in the Byzantine Empire needed help defending their territories from the Turks. MOST IMPORTANT: The Crusades were launched to free the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslim infidels. Jesus used to preach in Jerusalem and Christians would come to that holy place -- but were longer allowed to.

8. The First Crusade

9. 30,000 Crusaders left Europe to fight – Peasants – Knights – Priests – Women

10. They conquered the Seljuk capital in June 1097

11. June 1099 -- crusaders reach the Holy Land -- they slaughter Muslims and Jews Christians build castles on these lands and control the Holy Land (for now…..) CRUSADER STATES: small feudal outposts that were run like feudal kingdoms in Europe with a King in the Holy Land.

13. The Second Crusade 1140s -- about 40 years after the first crusade -- Muslims began to overpower the Crusaders and their castles. 1147 - 1149: the Second Crusade is a failure for the Christians Christian armies fought amongst themselves and meanwhile, the Muslims recaptured their lands

14. Muslims Fight Back! After the Second Crusade….a powerful Muslim leader emerges: SALADIN He would become one of the GREATEST LEADERS AGAINST THE CHRISTIAN CRUSADERS He united small Islamic groups He became the supreme leader of Egypt and Syria in 1171

16. The Horns of Hattin

17. Crusader army of 20,000 were exhausted from marching all day in the desert Six miles from the Horns of Hattin(twin mountain peaks) they stopped to rest

18. During the night -- Muslims soldiers outnumbered the Crusaders They set the dry grass on fire and charged the Crusaders Few Crusaders escaped death They were sold into slavery Each Crusader = price of 1 shoe Saladin retook control of Jerusalem

20. The Third Crusade Pope Gregory VIII called for a third crusade called THE CRUSADE OF KINGS 3 Kings (Germany, England, France) responded and prepared to take back Jerusalem from Saladin and the Muslims. IT WAS A DISASTER and a complete loss!

21. The Fourth Crusade The Fourth Crusade was awful for the Byzantine Empire Venetian (Venice, Italy) bankers lent $$ to the Crusaders for: – Building ships – Getting supplies AND…in return they wanted the riches Crusaders would find

22. Crusaders pushed into Constantinople and burned libraries, churches, stole art, jewels and gold. They shipped goods back to Venice to repay the debt WHAT A DISASTER! The Crusaders had become looters!

23. The Results of the Crusades The Holy Wars (Crusades) did not serve their purpose Jerusalem remained Muslim Crusaders were seen as evil for killing innocent people

24. How did Eastern Europe benefit from the Crusades? Contact with Muslim/Byzantine cultures helped bring back books Venice = more powerful due to trading treaties signed by the Crusaders (they brought back gold, silk, fabrics) Improved technology! Crusaders learned about: – How to build a better ship – Make better maps – Use compasses ( – All would help Europeans later discover ‘America’