1. CHAPTER 10
THE JEFFERSON ERA

2. HOW DID THE EVENTS OF THE JEFFERSON ERA STRENGTHEN THE NATION?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
HOW DID THE EVENTS OF THE JEFFERSON ERA STRENGTHEN THE NATION?

3. Chapter 10-1
JEFFERSON TAKES OFFICE

4. A New Party Comes to Power
Election of 1800
Federalists : Pres. John Adams
Democratic-Republicans: Thomas Jefferson
Each thought the other side was a threat to Constitution & America

5. Democratic-Republicans Won
Jefferson 73 electoral votes VS Adams 65 votes
BUT
Aaron Burr – VP also got 73 votes!!
House of Reps had to choose between the two!

6. BREAKING THE TIE
From Feb. 11 to Feb. 17 the House had 35 votes – undecided still! (The House was still mainly Federalists)
Finally Alexander Hamilton convinced some House to vote Jefferson
On the 36th vote Jefferson was elected President!! And Aaron Burr the VP

7. JEFFERSON & DEMOCRACY Many talents beyond politics... Violinist
Amateur Scientist
Devoted Reader
Book Collection – Library of Congress
Interest in Architecture – Ancient Greek & Rome
Nation’s Capital architecture
HUMBLE – no coach on Inauguration Day – just strolled thru Washington DC

8. Jefferson’s Government View
First – wanted to heal political wounds – urged political enemies to unite as Americans!
Promoted a COMMON WAY OF LIFE
Nation of small independent farmers
Uphold strong morals & democratic ideals
Much land available
Prevent overcrowding in cities (Europe
Avoid too much government – central gov’t limited power – people govern selves

9. JEFFERSON & FEDERALISTS
Reduced number of government employees
Reduced size of military
Ended Federalist Programs
Alien & Sedition Act – released prisoners
Ended Whisky Tax
Reduced public debt – used revenues from tariffs & land sales to pay back citizens

10. CONFLICT with the COURTS
Judiciary Act of 1801 – Adams appointed Federalist judges between election of Jefferson and his inauguration
Judges appointed for life – Jefferson had a Federalist controlled court
Chief Justice John Marshall – Supreme Court upheld federal authority

11. MARBURY vs. MADISON (1803) UPHELD POWER of JUDICIAL REVIEW
Created a lasting balance among 3 branches
Supreme Court decided Congress passed invalid Judiciary Act – it gave new power to Supreme Court – Constitution not allow that!
1st time Congress law found unConstitutional
“If the Constitution is to be supreme law of land, then any law contrary to Constitution is not law!”