1. Global energy, trends and figures Global energy demand:  will grow by more than 30% over the period to 2035,  China, India and the Middle East accounting for 60% of the increase,  in OECD countries, there is a shift from oil and coal towards natural gas and renewables,  fossil fuels remain dominant in the global energy mix, supported by subsidies Lubliniec - 2014

2. Critical challenges facing the energy system: Lubliniec – 2014 Global energy, trends and figures  meet the world’s ever-growing energy needs,  to provide energy access to the world’s poorest,  to bring the world towards meeting its climate change objectives.

3. Global impact of recent energy developments in the United States:  technologies unlocking light tight oil and shale gas resources,  less expensive gas and electricity prices,  the United States will become the largest global oil producer by around 2020, Lubliniec – 2014 Global energy, trends and figures

4. Impact of global markets The interactions between different fuels, markets and prices are intensifying. Low-priced natural gas is reducing coal use in the US and freeing up coal for export to Europe Natural gas in the United States was traded (at its lowest level in 2012) at around one-fifth of import prices in Europe. Lubliniec – 2014 Global energy, trends and figures

5. Growing role of renewables as an important part of the global energy mix; Lubliniec – 2014  By 2035 renewable energy will account for almost one-third of total electricity output.  A steady increase in hydropower and the rapid expansion of wind.  Solar power growing more rapidly than any other renewable technology.  Renewables become the world’s second-largest source of power generation by 2015 (roughly half that of coal).  By 2035 consumption of biomass (for power generation) and biofuels grows four-fold.  Global bioenergy resources are more than sufficient to meet projected biofuels and biomass supply without competing with food production.

6. Key drivers for renewables Lubliniec – 2014 The rapid increase in renewable energy is driven by:  falling technology costs,  rising fossil-fuel prices and carbon pricing,  continued subsidies: from $88 billion globally in 2011, they will rise to nearly $240 billion in 2035.

7. Sensitive subsidy issue Lubliniec – 2014 In order to avoid excessive financial burdens on governments and consumers subsidy measures to support new renewable energy projects should be adjusted over time as:  capacity increases  the costs of renewable technologies fall

8. Renewable energy benefits Lubliniec – 2014 Main benefits from deploying renewable energy include:  energy security ( energy availability, afordability, sustainability, energy poverty mitigation, transmission problem mitigation),  economic development (green growth, innovations and industrial development, rural development),  CO2 impacts and environmental benefits ( reduction of CO2 emissions from power generation, waste problem mitigation, other enviromnental impacts).

9. Lubliniec – 2014 Given above numerous benefits in 2008 United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 62/197 on promotion of new and renewable sources of energy. It welcomes initiatives that aim to improve access to reliable, affordable, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound energy services for sustainable development in order to contribute to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Renewable energy benefits

10. Lubliniec – 2014 Identified barriers to renewable energy deployment - absence of national strategy & policy - lack of political & regulatory suport - existing policies not enforced - low energy prices & tariff changes - strong competition from conventional sources (subsidies) - lack of economic incentives - electric power grid access not guaranteed - political risk considerations - unfavourable project risk profile - inadequate returns for project finance - impact of global economic downturn

11. Lubliniec – 2014 Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 20092009/28/EC establishes a common framework for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources. The Directive is part of a package of energy and climate change legislation which provides a legislative framework for Community targets for greenhouse gas emission savings. It encourages energy efficiency, energy consumption from renewable sources, the improvement of energy supply and the economic stimulation of a dynamic sector in which Europe is setting an example.

12. Lubliniec – 2014 National targets and measures Each Member State has a target calculated according to the share of energy from renewable sources in its gross final consumption for 2020. This target is in line with the overall '20-20-20' goal for the Community.the overall '20-20-20' goal Moreover, the share of energy from renewable sources in the transport sector must amount to at least 10 % of final energy consumption in the sector by 2020.

13. Lubliniec – 2014 National renewable energy action plans The Member States are to establish national action plans which set the share of energy from renewable sources consumed in transport, as well as in the production of electricity and heating, for 2020. Cooperation between Member States Member States can “exchange” an amount of energy from renewable sources using a statistical transfer, and set up joint projects concerning the production of electricity and heating from renewable sources.

14. Lubliniec – 2014. Guarantee of origin Each Member State must be able to guarantee the origin of electricity, heating and cooling produced from renewable energy sources

15. Lubliniec – 2014. Access to and operation of the grids Member States should build the necessary infrastructures for energy from renewable sources in the transport sector.

16. Lubliniec – 2014. Biofuels and bioliquids The Directive takes into account energy from biofuels and bioliquids. The latter should contribute to a reduction of at least 35 % of greenhouse gas emissions in order to be taken into account. From 1 January 2017, their share in emissions savings should be increased to 50 %.

17. Lubliniec – 2014 The role of international/regional cooperation for scaling up renewable energy Multiple benefits resulting from:  know how exchange  access to different case studies ( both successful and failure ones)  synergies – development of joint cross-border, regional projects  selection and promotion and of regionaly manufactured, best renewable energy techonogies  exchange of experience on most effective policies and regulations

18. Lubliniec – 2014 The role of international/regional cooperation for scaling up renewable energy Importance of renewable energy regional cooperation on municipality level:  exchange of experience on assessment of local potential and needs for scaling up renewable energy to address local, rural energy security, energy poverty, economic development and environmental issues (waste problems),  exchange of experience and know how on how to best verify the ‘’top-down” strategies and plans from central, government authorities through ”bottom-up” approach of municipal level. That key dialog and feedback is a key instrument to mitigate waste of resources and best address local needs.