1. WAR OF 1812

2. **Revolutionary War – The Sequel** (Continued) Part 2 2 nd Chance Do Over

3. WAR OF 1812 Issues British military was not defeated in Revolution British did not respect United States War with France made British desperate for money and seamen Seized cargo, impressed seamen 900 ships, 6,000 seamen; 1806-1812 Provided guns and encouraged Indian tribes on frontier Significant Events U.S. emerged as major trading nation, mostly in New England (major ports of Boston, NY, Philadelphia) Distrust of large standing armies and doubt in Congress that we could not compete with British Congress increased size of active military by 4 times shortly before war in 1812 Some states, mostly in New England opposed the war and use of their troops

4. WAR OF 1812 Political Objective Resolve irritating British-American relations British crop failures in 1811-1812 forced them to reinstate trade with U.S. before war started Orders ending impressment given 2 days before Congress declared war And, U.S. declares war on British, not British on U.S. U.S. Military Objectives and Strategies England was at war with France in Europe (Napoleon) Seize Canada because it was the nearest British target Just how the seizure of Canada would protect neutral rights, guarantee freedom of the seas or secure other objectives was never established Political Consideration Least popular war until Vietnam

5. WAR OF 1812 Military Technology and Technique Weapons Still musket, but more of them (remember Eli Whitney) Getting them to the troops was difficult (storage and transportation were problems) Discipline and Training Still weak point of American army Both Troops and Officers Should have learned lesson at Valley Forge Naval Power 3 heavy frigates, 4 frigates Unlike army, navy training was excellent British navy was most powerful in world U.S. found they could compete in one-on-one battles

6. Military Technology and Technique Military Conduct Badly conceived offensive into Canada got off to poor start, got worse Single ship actions often successful More British troops arrive after British defeat Napoleon in 1814 Europe Washington D.C., Baltimore, New Orleans Better State of the Peace Treaty of Ghent signed Dec 24, 1814 End of British naval harassment happened before war started Conquest of Canada abandoned WAR OF 1812

7. Military Technology and Technique Lessons Learned British realized they could not win back U.S. colonies Americans realized they would have to live with British neighbors in Canada America finally gets independence British finally recognize independence America realized need for strong military Increased size of army and navy Military Academy at West Point train professional officers Steps to prevent Future Conflict Many problems resolved before/during the war France was weakened by defeat in Europe, so British no longer pressed for money, trade or seamen WAR OF 1812