1. Chemical Building Blocks

2. What is Chemistry?
Definition: Is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes.
Examples: Food cooking , grass growing, turning on lights in your room, lighting a match to name just a few

3. Building Blocks of Matter
Elements - is a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means.
Compounds- is a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined.
Mixtures- are made from two or more pure substances, that are in the same place but not combined as a new material.
Solutions- Is a well mixed mixture.
Pure Substance- Is made of only one kind of matter and has definite properties.

4. Changes in Matter
Matter exists in three different forms, Solid, Liquid, and Gas.

5. Types of Solids
Crystalline Solids- Particles form a regular repeating pattern.
Example: diamond
Amorphous Solid- Particles are not arranged in a regular pattern.
Examples: rubber, plastics, and glass.

6. Shape and Volume of the Three Types of Matter
Solids: ( Particles are packed tightly together).
Solids: The form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
Liquids: ( Particles are free to move. A liquid takes on the shape of its container.)
Liquids: The form of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.
Gas: (Particles spread apart, filling all the space available to them.
Gas: The form of matter that has no definite shape or volume.

7. Phase Change
Definition: is when matter is changed from one state to another without undergoing a chemical change.
Example: When water is heated it changes from a solid (ice), to a liquid (water ),to a gas (vapor).
Matter will change from one state to another if thermal energy is absorbed or released..
Sublimation: The change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state.

8. Phase Changes Continued (water)
Freezing- the change in state from a liquid to a solid..
Melting - the change in state from a solid to a liquid.
Boiling point- the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.
Condensation- the change in state from a gas to a liquid.
Vaporization- the change in state from a liquid to a gas.
Evaporation- the process that occurs only on the surface of a liquid.

9. Physical Change
A change that alters the form of the material but does not produce new substances.
Examples: ripping paper, breaking glass, denting the fender of a car.
Note: Water always undergoes a physical change.

10. Chemical Change A change in matter that produces new substances.
Observing Chemical reactions
1. A gas is produced ( bubbles in a liquid)
2. A change in color occurs
3. A change in energy also happens during the reaction, Usually temperature changes.
4. A solid may appear when two solutions are made. Note: the solid that forms is called a precipitate.

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