1. CS 447 Networks and Data Communication IP Subnet Mask: Purpose: To indicate which portion of an IP address indicates host address Example SIUE IP Network Domain: 146.163.XX.XX 10010000 10100011 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX 146 163 XX If we do NOT have any subnetwork We know that the last 16 bits indicate the host addresses (since a Class-B IP address assumes to use the last 16 bits for host address) Subnet_Mask/001

2. CS 447 Networks and Data Communication Owners of a network domain can create as many subnets as they want. Problem 1 bit to indicate subnetwork 2 bits to indicate subnetwork If there are two subnetworks within a domain  If there are four subnetworks within a domain  If there are 2 n subnetworks within a domain  n bits to indicate subnetwork 10010000 10100011 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX 146 163 XX We need to indicate how many bits are assigned for subnetworks Subnet_Mask/002

3. CS 447 Networks and Data Communication 10010000 10100011 01101101 00000001 146.163.109.1: - If SIUE has 16 subnetworks - Try to figure out the host address of 146.163.109.1 How to use Subnet Mask #1: Get Host Address BINARY AND 131 00000000 00000000 00001111 11111111 Invert 1 and 0s 00000000 00000000 00001101 00000001 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 Mask for domain address Mask for subnetwork Subnet Mask: Subnet_Mask/003 (255.255.240.0)

4. CS 447 Networks and Data Communication - If SIUE has 16 subnetworks - Try to figure out the domain and subnetwork address of 146.163.109.1 How to use Subnet Mask #2: Get Domain Address and Subnet Address Mask for domain address 10010000 10100011 01101101 00000001 146.163.109.1: BINARY AND 10010000 10100011 01100000 00000000 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 Subnet Mask: IP domain address Subnetwork address Subnet_Mask/004 Subnet Indicator

5. CS 447 Networks and Data Communication Why do we need “Subnet Mask” Subnet_Mask/005 The IP defines three classes of IP: Class-A, Class-B and Class-C Each class defines the number of hosts within a network, but does not define the number of sub-nets within a network. As long as your network does not have any sub-network, you do not have to use “Subnet Mask” Since each network can have different number of sub-networks, we have to let routers know which bits are used for identifying subnets