1. muscles that move the mandible abdominal wall muscles
Today and Wednesday – muscles!
how muscles work – in general
muscles that move the mandible
abdominal wall muscles
anterior and posterior
inferior and superior
inguinal hernia’s
muscles that move the humerus and scapula
rotator cuff tears, impingement syndrome
muscles that move the femur
sprains, strains and “Charley horse”
muscles that move the foot
shin splints, anterior compartment syndrome
Achilles tendon injuries

2. skeletal
cardiac
smooth

3. Connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle
Tendon
Deep fascia
1 muscle fiber = 1 muscle cell
Muscle cells are multinucleated
Epimysium
Epi = upon, above
Perimysium
Peri = around
Endomysium
Endo = within
Working out
Atrophy & aging
Steroids
Myo, mys = muscle

4. Muscle attachments Origins Origins Bellies Insertion
Direct vs Indirect attachment
Insertion
Ligaments: bone to bone
Tendons: muscle to bone

5. Muscle to muscle via tendon sheet
Muscle to skin
Aponeurosis

6. Neuromuscular junction
Synaptic vesicles
containing Ach (acetylcholine)
Neurotoxins
botulism
curare
tetanus toxin
Motor end
plate
Calcium + ATP = muscle contraction
Low blood Ca and muscle

7. Attachments:
Proximal
Distal
Direct
Indirect
Muscle actions:
agonist
antagonist
synergist
fixator
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Triceps brachii

8. Extending your knee Extend your knee a few times
Where are the agonist muscles that extend your knee?
Which joint do they cross?
When you extend you knee, where are the antagonist muscles located?

9. Quadriceps = agonists
Hamstrings = antagonists

10. Medial & lateral excursion Protraction & retraction
Moving the mandible
Mandibular fossa
Depress & elevate
Medial & lateral excursion
Protraction & retraction

11. Muscles that move the mandible
Temporalis
Masseter
attachments
actions

12. Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
attachments
actions

13. Depress mandible
gravity
digastric muscle
geniohyoid & mylohyoid
when hyoid is fixed

14. Temporalis
massater
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Mylohyoid
Digastric

15. Those flashy “core” muscles
Overdeveloped
Pectoralis major
External oblique
Rectus abdominus

16. Muscles that move (and protect) the abdomen/trunk
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Attachments
Actions
External oblique

17. Linea alba B A C D
Rectus sheath
(aponeurosis)

18. Abdominal wall abdominal muscles back muscles quadratus lumborum
Psoas (iliopsoas)
diaphragm
pelvic diaphragm
“holes” in the wall
hernia (hiatal)
congenital or acquired

19. Inguinal canal – men & women
Parietal peritoneum
intestines
scrotum
Inguinal hernia
Spermatic cord

20. 1. Name the 4 layers of connective tissue that wrap
around skeletal muscles.
2. Which ones are continuous with a tendon?
3. Botox (botulinum toxin) works by blocking the
release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction.
How does this help with:
crossed eyes
uncontrolled blinking
those pesky forehead wrinkles

21. Muscle that move the humerus and scapula
Location of shoulder muscles
Which joints do these muscles cross?

22. 3. What movements do these muscle perform?

23. flex, medially rotate (anterior fibers)
Deltoid
attachments
actions (on humerus)
abduct (lateral fibers)
flex, medially rotate (anterior fibers)
extend, laterally rotate (posterior fibers)

24. attachments actions adduction medial rotation elevate ribs
flexion (agonist)
adduction
medial rotation
elevate ribs

25. 4 Rotator cuff muscles Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor adduct
abduct
Infraspinatus
Extend
Laterally rotate
Teres minor
adduct
laterally rotate
Subscapularis
medially rotate

26. Scapula movers & stabilizers
Levator scapulae
elevate scapula
flex neck
Trapezius
elevate, rotate upward (S)
retract (M)
depress (I)
extend neck
flex laterally (one trap)
Rhomboids
retract
elevate
fix scapula
rotate downward

27. Trapezius
Rhomboids
Deltoid
Teres major
Triceps
Latissimus dorsi
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Levator scapulae

28. Impingement syndrome
Rotator cuff tears

30. Muscles that move the femur
1. Location of hip and thigh muscles
2. Which joints do these muscles cross?

31. 3. What kind of movements do these muscle perform?

32. Iliopsoas Adductors flex hip adduct femur flex hip flex knee
Lateral rotators
piriformis
obturator externus
Adductors
adduct femur
flex hip
flex knee
(lateral rotation)
Groin pull

33. patella tracking Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) flex abduct med. rot
Rectus
Femoris
flex hip
extend knee
Vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
extend knee
Patellar
tendon
Charley horse
patella tracking

34. Tensor Fasciae Latae G. Maximus flex femur Iliotibial Band (IT band)
abducts femur
medially rotates femur
stabilizes knee
G. Maximus
Iliotibial Band
(IT band)

35. G. Medius piriformis G. Maximus G. minimus
Gluts: extend, abduct, laterally rotates femur
Piriformis: abduct, laterally rotates femur

36. Hamstring group: flex knee, extend hip
Muscle strains from quick extensions

37. Muscle compartments of the thigh
Anterior
anterior
medial
posterior
Posterior
Compartments:
each wrapped with deep fasciae
each has own nerve & blood supply
compartment syndrome

39. Iliopsoas TFL Sartorius Adductors quads Glut max & medius hamstrings
Intramuscular injections
Iliopsoas
TFL
Sartorius
Adductors
quads
Glut max & medius
hamstrings
Piriformis
Sciatic nerve

40. Attachments of the gastrocnemius Attachments of the soleus
Actions of the gastrocnemius
Flex the knee
Plantarflex the foot
Actions of the soleus
gastrocnemius
Achilles
tendon
Ruptured Achilles tendon
Pulled calf muscle
calcaneus

41. Tibialis Anterior Attachments Actions Dorsiflex ankle Invert foot
Support arch
Tibialis
anterior
Shin splints
Compartment syndrome

42. Agonist of elbow extension?
2. A strained biceps brachii would result in pain when ____.
3. When viscera protrude through a weak point in the diaphragm,
what is that condition called (be specific).
4. In a male, what passes through the inguinal canal?
5. Name one muscle that moves the mandible laterally.