2. Learning Target As a result of this presentation I can:
Recognize different ways to summarize information
Implement at least one idea that can enhance ELL students’ understanding of summarizing

3. Summarizing
Strategies that enhance students’ ability to synthesize information
Students separate important information from extraneous information
Students state the information in their own words

4. Meta-analysis Results for Summarizing & Note Taking
Average Effect Size
Average Percentile Gain 34%
Number of Studies

5. Generalizations from the Research
Students must delete some information, substitute some information, and keep some information when they summarize.
To effectively delete, substitute, and keep information, students must analyze the information at a fairly deep level.
Being aware of the explicit structure of information can help students to summarize.

6. What Students Usually Do
Write down everything
Write down next to nothing
Write way too much
Don’t write enough
Copy word for word

7. When We Want Students to Do
Strip away the extra verbiage and extraneous examples
Focus on the heart of the matter
Seek key words and phrases that manage to capture the gist
Save the main ideas and crucial details that support them
Take succinct but complete notes

8. What Teachers Need to Do
Keep in mind—it’s not easy
Hard to learn/hard to teach
Model repeatedly
Give students practice time

9. Recommendations for Classroom Practice
Use reciprocal teaching with ELL students.
Teach students about text patterns and graphic organizers.

10. Summarizing
We naturally summarize familiar situations. Content is not familiar.
When working with students, we need to understand that summarizing academic learning doesn’t come automatically.
We need to provide and MODEL a variety of approaches for students to use as they develop the skill of summarizing.

11. Avenues for Summarization
Paper/pencil
Keyboard
Orally
Dramatically
Artistically
Visually
Physically
Musically
In groups
Individually
Before instruction
During instruction
After instruction
Short, quick checks
Elaborate responses
Use “Partner A and Partner B” to summarize key learnings from yesterday. Partner A will talk for 1 minute, partner B must remain silent. Then Partner B will talk for one minute while Partner A talks for one minute. Then Partner A can generate questions to which Partner B responds for 30 seconds, and Partner B will ask questions of Partner A for the next 30 seconds.

12. Summarizing Learning Activities:
Magnet Summaries
Magnets attract metal
Magnet words attract information
Buehl: Classroom Strategies for Interactive Learning and WiLearns

13. Inner or Outer Circle Half of the class will stand in a large circle
Other half forms another circle facing the students in the inner circle.
Select one circle to remain in position, the other will move
Ask a summarization question. Students will have 30 seconds to one minute to discuss the summary question.
Instruct the moving circle to move a particular number of people to either the left or the right
Ask another summarizing question…

14. Summarizing Learning Activities:
Journalists’ Questions and the GIST
Who
What
When
Where
Why
How
20-Word Summary
Gardner, Jones, Gray

15. Summarizing Learning Activities:
Quick Summaries
Don’t Look Back
1 Sentence Paraphrase
One-Word Summaries
Refine and Reduce
Jones, Lawwill, Wormeli

16. Summarizing Strategies
“Rule-Based” Strategy
Summary Frames
Reciprocal Teaching
Human Bingo
Share One, Get One
Taboo Game
Word Splash

17. “Rule-Based” Strategy
Delete trivial, unnecessary material
Delete redundant material
Substitute super ordinate terms for lists
Daisies, tulips, and roses become “flowers”
Select a topic sentence or invent one if it is missing
PRACTICE WITH SAMPLE FROM TEXT!!!!!
Marzano, et al: Classroom Instruction that Works, pages 32-33

18. Summary Frames
Designed to highlight important elements of specific patterns commonly found in text
Narrative or story
Topic-Restriction-Illustration (T-R-I)
Definition
Argumentation
Problem or Solution
Conversation
Marzano, et al: Classroom Instruction that Works, pages 34-35

19. Reciprocal Teaching
“One of the best researched strategies available to teachers.”
Student led discussion:
Summarizing
Questioning
Clarifying
Predicting
Summarizing – student leader summarizes text; other students add to the summary
Questioning – student leader generates questions to ask other students; may look back over text
Clarifying – Student leader points out areas of text that need clarification or asks other students to point them out or provide clarification; the group tries to clear up any confusing parts
Predicting – student leader asks for predictions about what might happen in the next segmet of the text

20. Reciprocal Teaching Roles
Marzano, et al: Classroom Instruction that Works, pages 42-43

21. Human Bingo
Teacher creates “Bingo” Cards with categories written in the squares
Students move around the room getting classmates to answer and “sign” each of their categories
Classmates can only sign one spot on each player’s card, but can sign as many cards as they can

22. Share One, Get One
Works as a “brain dump” to break up lectures, review or extend learning experiences
Ask students to draw a grid of nine squares
In any three squares, students record facts, skills, concepts, etc… from the lesson
Then, students move around the room asking classmates to fill in remaining squares with learning not yet recorded

23. Taboo Game
Object of the game – to get someone to say the designated word or phrase without using any of the identified clues
Students summarize twice:
While making the cards
While guessing what the speaker is trying to get them to say
Materials Needed:
Timer
Buzzer
Volunteers to play Taboo

24. Sample Taboo Cards Decimals Feudalism Point Place value Base 10 Whole
metric
Serf
Economic
Lord
Manor
land

25. Chronological Sequence

26. Compare/Contrast Pattern

27. Concept/Definition Pattern

28. Description Pattern

29. Episode Pattern

30. Generalization/Principle Pattern

31. Your Turn Select a lesson you’ll be teaching.
Develop a lesson that will assist students in understanding how to summarize information
Share that lesson with a colleague for feedback

32. Questions and Concerns