1. Physical DB Design The University of California Berkeley Extension pmcdermott@msn.com Copyright © 2008 Patrick McDermott Salvador Dali (1904-1989) The Ghost of Vermeer of Delft which Can Be Used as a Table 1934

2. SOX Sarbanes-Oxley Act –Basel II Internationally Annual Financial Report –Includes an Internal Control Report Database Integrity Controls –Data Field Integrity Controls –Triggers & Stored Procedures –Audit Trails & Activity Logs Thoroughly Documented Well-Documented Change Procedures

3. CRUD Frequencies Data Volumes Frequency of Use If you can’t do these, your Analysis is incomplete: If you can’t count it, you don’t understand it Critical for performance –Need speed for frequent actions –Don’t want overhead for rare actions

4. Suitable Data Type 1.Represents All Possible Values 2.Improves Data Integrity 3.Supports all Data Manipulations 4.Minimizes Storage Space

5. Data Integrity Default Value –Safest vs. Most Frequent –Prompts –Avoids Errurs Range Control Null Value Referential Integrity

6. Coded Value Save Space Allows Change Internationalization Lookup Table –Referential Integrity with Lookup Table –Lookup & Enter –Hard Code

7. De-Normalize Consider –Frequency of Join vs. –Size of Redundant Fields –It favors some over others One-to-One One Side of Associative Entity Reference Data

8. File Organization Goals 1.Fast Data Retrieval 2.High Throughput 3.Storage Space 4.Protection from Failure or Loss 5.Minimize Re-Organization 6.Accommodate Growth 7.Security from Unauthorized Access

9. File Organization Sequential Indexed Hashed Clustered: Related Manys with their One #FactorSequentialIndexedHashed 1StorageNo Extra StorageSpace for IndexElbow room 2ADDRe-Write fileIndex MaintenanceVery Easy; address overflow problematic 3UPDATEPossibly Re-Write fileIndex MaintenanceVery Easy 4DELETELeaves Hole unless re-writeIndex MaintenanceVery Easy 5Sequential Retrieval Sort on KeyVery FastFastOnly with Hash Index 6Random RetrievalImpracticalFastVery Fast 7Cross-Key RetrievalMust Scan entire FileMutiple Indexes fastOnly with Hash Index