1. MINERALS

2. ELEMENTS EIGHT ELEMENTS MAKE UP MOST OF ALL MINERALS ON THE EARTH – Elements combine to form Minerals LISTED IN ORDER OF ABUNDANCE – OXYGEN (O) – SILICON (Si) – ALUMINIUM (Al) – IRON (Fe) – CALCIUM (Ca) – POTASSIUM (K) – SODIUM (Na) – MAGNESIUM (Mg)

3. PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

4. MINERALS 1.BUILDING BLOCKS FOR ROCKS 2. ORES 3. GEMS DEFINITION: a.Naturally occurring b.Inorganic solids c.specific chemical elements (atomic make up) d.definite atomic structure e.Solid

5. MINERALS MINERALS: TWO CATEGORIES 1. SILICATES – CONTAIN SILICON & OXYGEN MOLECULES (SiO) 2.NON-SILICATES (NO SiO)

6. NON-SILICATE MINERALS Make up 5% of Earth’s crust Native metals: gold, silver, copper Carbonates: calcite (used in cement) Oxides: hematite (iron ores) Sulfides: galena (lead ores) Sulfates: gypsum (used in plaster)

7. SILICATE MINERALS Make up 90-95% of the Earth’s Crust Dominant component of most rocks, include: – QUARTZ (SiO 2 ) – FELDSPARS – MICAS

8. ROCKS AGGREGATIONS OF 2 OR MORE MINERALS – Same or different minerals combine together THREE CATEGORIES – IGNEOUS – SEDIMENTARY – METAMORPHIC