1. Graphene Boris Torres MEEN 3344 Material Science

2. Graphene  Graphene is a one-atom- thick planar sheet of carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.  Graphite itself consists of many graphene sheets stacked together.  The carbon-carbon bond length in graphene is approximately 0.142 nm.

3. Graphene production Graphene sheets in solid form (e.g. density > 1g/cc) is presently one of the most expensive materials on Earth. Graphene sheets in solid form (e.g. density > 1g/cc) is presently one of the most expensive materials on Earth. Researchers obtained relatively large graphene sheets (eventually, up to 100 micrometers in size and visible through a magnifying glass) by mechanical exfoliation (repeated peeling) of 3D graphite crystals. Researchers obtained relatively large graphene sheets (eventually, up to 100 micrometers in size and visible through a magnifying glass) by mechanical exfoliation (repeated peeling) of 3D graphite crystals. Another method is to heat silicon carbide to high temperatures (1100°C) to reduce it to graphene. Another method is to heat silicon carbide to high temperatures (1100°C) to reduce it to graphene.

4. Properties of Graphene  The resistivity of the graphene sheet is 10^−6 Ω·cm, less than the resistivity of silver, the lowest resistivity substance known at room temperature.  Graphene is the strongest substance known to man. Its Young's modulus is 0.5 TPa, which differs from bulk graphite.  These intrinsic properties could lead to the possibility of utilizing Graphene for NEM systems applications such as pressure sensors, and resonators.

5. Properties of Graphene Engineering professors at Columbia University tested graphene's strength at an atomic level by indenting a perfect sample of the material with a sharp probe made of diamond. Engineering professors at Columbia University tested graphene's strength at an atomic level by indenting a perfect sample of the material with a sharp probe made of diamond. Electrons move through graphene with almost no resistance, generating little heat. What's more, graphene is itself a good thermal conductor, allowing heat to dissipate quickly. Electrons move through graphene with almost no resistance, generating little heat. What's more, graphene is itself a good thermal conductor, allowing heat to dissipate quickly.

6. Graphene and Applications  By oxidizing graphene flakes, and then floating them in water, the graphene flakes form a single sheet and bond very powerfully called Graphene oxide paper. Applications:  Membranes with controlled permeability  Supercapacitors for energy applications.  Graphene electronics could be useful for communications and imaging technologies that require ultrafast transistors.

7. References Graphene http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheneaccessed on March, 29 2009 Graphene http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheneaccessed on March, 29 2009 Graphene Confirmed the World’s Stronged Known Material http://gizmodo.com/5026404/graphene-confirmed-as-the- worlds-strongest-known-material accessed on March, 29 2009 Graphene Confirmed the World’s Stronged Known Material http://gizmodo.com/5026404/graphene-confirmed-as-the- worlds-strongest-known-material accessed on March, 29 2009 Nanotechnology Reserchers go Ballistic Over Graphene http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=2340.php accessed on March 29, 2009 Nanotechnology Reserchers go Ballistic Over Graphene http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=2340.php accessed on March 29, 2009 TR10: Graphene Transistors http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?ch=speci alsections&sc=emerging08&id=20242 accessed on March 29, 2009 TR10: Graphene Transistors http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?ch=speci alsections&sc=emerging08&id=20242 accessed on March 29, 2009 Graphene: Charged Up http://www.natureasia.com/asia- materials/highlight.php?id=77 accessed on March 29, 2009 Graphene: Charged Up http://www.natureasia.com/asia- materials/highlight.php?id=77 accessed on March 29, 2009