1. Chemistry –(kalan101) Course description

2. The contents of the chemistry for nursing specialty is carefully selected to the fulfillment the market requirements of the nursing students in future. It covers initially the general categories of organic and biochemistry

3. Chemistry of food,carbohydrates, enzymes and hormones. The course also includes the study of acids and basis, atoms and molecules, chemical reactions, in addition to pollution and environment.

4. Course objectives This course deals with studying the chemical concepts and experimental part concerning with determining the normality of different solutions and the synthesis of food and carbohydrate.

5. Upon completion the course, the nursing students are supposed to be familiar with principle and the fundamental concepts of organic and bio- chemistry.

6. Acids and bases Topical outlines -Definitions of acids and bases -Examples of acids and bases -Strong acids and strong basis

7. Introduction –Acids and bases are very important in daily life and mostly in industry for example the acidity of used water has a great influence on human beings, animals and earth and also in building.

8. –Definitions –Acid :- is the substance which denotes a proton (Proton donor) –Base :- is the substance which accept a proton (proton acceptor)

9. Examples of acids and bases Acids example---HCL in water (hydrochloric acid) losses a proton accepted by water molecule to give the hydronium ion(H3O) HCL +H2O →H3O++Cl- So any substance loses a proton in water and give hydronium is→ acid

10. Bases example- NH3 in water accepts a proton in water and giving the hydroxide ion (OH-) NH3+H2O→NH4+OH- So any substance accepts a proton from water and give a hydroxyl ion (OH-) is→ base

11. Strong acids and strong basis We called a strong acid if it reacts completely with water so only a small part remains un reacted

12. Hydrochloric acid (HCL) Nitric acid (HNO3) Sulphoric acid (H2SO4) All of acids are strong acids because HNO3+H2O→H3O++NO3- Is a complete reaction so the equilibrium constant is very large and the equation is written by one way arrow→

13. But weak acids partially reacted with water so that some of the un reacted acid remains in its original form and by big percentage HNO3+H2O→H3O+NO3 Weak acids are Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Acetic acid CH3COOH Carbonic acid H2CO3