1. World Bank Adaptation Workshop Lima, Peru January 22 -23, 2009 The CARICOM Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives by Kenrick R. Leslie, Ph.D Executive Director Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC)

2. 2 The 1994 Adaptation Decision by the INC of the UNFCCC At its Tenth Session in 1994 the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for the Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted Decision 10/3 which dealt with the Arrangements between the Committee and the Global Environment Facility. Regarding adaptation, the Committee agreed on the following: 1. Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change, as defined by the Convention, will require short, medium and long term strategies which should be cost effective, take into account important socio-economic implications, and which should be implemented on a stage-by-stage basis in developing countries that are Party to the Convention. In the short term, the following stage is envisaged: Stage I:Planning, which includes studies of possible impacts of climate change to identify particularly vulnerable countries or regions and policy options for adaptation, and appropriate capacity building. 2. In the medium and long term, the following stages are envisaged for the particularly vulnerable countries or regions identified in Stage I: Stage II:Measures, including further capacity-building, which may be taken to prepare for adaptation, as envisaged in Article 4.1(e); and Stage III: Measures to facilitate adequate adaptation, including insurance, and other adaptation measures as envisaged by Article 4.1(b) and Article 4.4.

3. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 3 Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States ● In April 1994 a global conference was held in Barbados to consider how small island States could face up to their special challenges. The Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States determined that sustainable development was the logical answer, and adopted the Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States to help bring it about. ● In 2002, the United Nations General Assembly called for a comprehensive review of the Barbados Programme of Action (BPoA) which was adopted in 1994. The BPoA sets forth specific actions and measures at the national, regional, and international levels in support of the sustainable development of the small island developing States (SIDS). ● In 2005, the International community convened in Mauritius to discuss recommendations for further and successful implementation of the BPoA.

4. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 4 Adaptation an Imperative – Why? ● NATURAL & ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS  six months of hurricane activity  significant climate variability  several active volcanoes, both on land and under water  Significant seismic activity  Poor land use management coupled with poor marine practices  Damage to ecosystems ● ECONOMIC FACTORS  Economic globalization is impacting the region’s environment through reduction of access to traditional markets as a result of the WTO agreement, since  Economic activities are frequently dominated by tourism and specialized agriculture such as sugarcane, and  Economic growth has failed to keep pace with population growth.

5. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 5 The Cost of Adaptation ● The projected impacts associated with global warming and sea level rise make adaptation an imperative for the Caribbean. However, the process of adaptation will be a very costly venture. ● Estimates of the funding which will be required to assist developing countries in managing the impacts of climate change vary widely. There is general consensus that the cost to the public and private sector could reach tens of billions of dollars per year. ● The UN’s latest Human Development Report (HDR) estimates that additional adaptation finance needs will amount to US$86 billion annually by 2015. ● Oxfam puts the price tag at US$50 billion per year, and the ● UNFCCC puts it at US$2867 billion by 2030.

6. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 6 Summary of the CARICOM Programme of Adaptation (1997 – 2011)

7. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 7 CARICOM Adaptation Strategy Planning (1997 – 2001) Adaptation Planning programme started under the GEF sponsored CPACC project (Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Climate Change)  Major accomplishments: ● Establishment of a Caribbean climate monitoring network ● Development of national Climate Change Adaptation policies and implementation plans. ● Coastal vulnerability studies in three pilot countries. ● Enhanced awareness of climate change issues in the region ● Developed capacity for economic valuation of ecosystem services and in designing economic instruments to support implementation of environmental legislation.

8. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 8 CARICOM Adaptation Strategy Planning (2001 – 2004) ● Adaptation Planning continued under a CIDA sponsored project, ACCC (Adapting to Climate Change in the Caribbean)  Major Accomplishments ● Establishing a M Sc programme at UWI Cave Hill campus with a specialty in Climate Change. ● Completion of preliminary climate change impact studies on water, agriculture and health sectors. ● Development of guidelines for incorporating climate change adaptation in Environmental Impact Assessments. ● Development of a risk management guide for incorporation of climate risks in planning. ● Development of a regional Public Education and Outreach strategy for climate change.

9. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 9 CARICOM Adaptation Strategy Planning (2004 – 2008) Mainstreaming the adaptation plans initiated under the GEF sponsored project, MACC (Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change (MACC)  Project goals  Build capacity to Assess Vulnerability and Risks associated with climate change and climate variability.  Build capacity to reduce vulnerability to climate change.  Mainstream climate change adaptation into national development plans.  Build capacity to effectively access and utilize resources to reduce vulnerability to climate change.  Enhance understanding of climate change issues among all regional stakeholders.

10. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 10 Institutionalizing the Adaptation Programme ● Recognizing the vulnerability to the impacts of climate change and climate variability on the economic development and social needs of the region:  The Heads of Government of CARICOM at their annual meeting in July 2002, endorsed the creation of the Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre with the following mandates: ● to coordinate the regional response to climate change and its efforts to manage and adapt to its projected impacts.

11. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 11 THE 5Cs OPERATIONAL STATUS Limited operations commenced in January 2004 The Centre became fully operational in July 2005 through supporting grants from –The host country, Belize –The Governments of Barbados and Italy The current staff is comprised of seven (7) Technical and eleven (11) Financial and Administrative supporting personnel. It is located in the City of Belmopan, Belize.

12. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 12 Adaptation: Planning and Implementation ● The outcomes from CPACC, ACCC and MACC projects laid the foundation for the first concrete adaptation project aimed at supporting efforts of Small Island and Low Lying Coastal CARICOM States to implement specific pilot adaptation measures addressing the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and land degradation.

13. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 13 The Pilot Uses Three Typical Lesser Antilles Small Island States ● St. Vincent and Grenadines  Population 106,000  Area 389 km 2 ● St. Lucia  Population 160,000  Area 616 km 2 ● Dominica  Population 70,000  Area 750 km 2

14. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 14 SPACC Project Development Objectives ● To support efforts of Dominica, Saint Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines to implement specific (integrated) pilot adaptation measures addressing primarily  the impacts of climate change on their natural resource base, focusing on biodiversity and land degradation along coastal and near coastal areas.  The project also seeks to produce knowledge of global value on how to implement adaptation measures in small islands.

15. WB Adaptation Workshop January 22-23, 2009 15 Project Implementation by Island ● St. Vincent and the Grenadines  Design and install a sustainable water system in the island of Bequia in the Grenadines based on: ● Current community needs ● Likely climate change scenarios ● Renewable energy technology  Climate Change Risk Management for Spring Village, St. Vincent ● Saint Lucia  Strengthened critical coastal infrastructure in the Castries area  Sustainability of Water Resources and Supply of the Vieux-Fort Region of Saint Lucia ● Dominica  Implementation of adaptation measures in the bio-diverse Morne Diablotin National Park and its Neighboring Communities.  Develop and implement an Integrated Ecosystem Management for the Morne Trois Pitons National Park

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