1. LULUCF Issues Kyoto Protocol & Bonn Agreement Article 3.3: Afforestation, reforestation & deforestation Article 3.4: Cropland management, grassland management, forest management, revegetation Article 6: Joint Implementation/Project activities among annex-I countries Article 12: Afforestation & reforestation under CDM involving developing countries

2. Marrakech Accord Defined RMU (CERs); A “removal unit” or “RMU” is a unit issued pursuant to the relevant provisions on registries and is equal to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent, calculated using global warming potentials. Defined upper limit to RMUs from A&R –Use of CERs from A&R to 1% of 1990 emissions for the first commitment period Article 5 (Guidelines), 7 (Reporting) & 8 (Verification)

3. Issues being addressed by SBSTA/UNFCCC Afforestation & Reforestation under Article 12 (CDM) –Definition of A&R –Modalities –Non-permanence –Leakage –Additionality –Uncertainity

4. Issues Being Addressed by IPCC Methods for estimating carbon stock changes Methods for monitoring area changes Uncertainty management Quality assurance & quality control Good Practice Guidance

5. Issues Being Addressed by Executive Board of CDM Guidelines for Afforestation & Reforestation – CDM projects –Project development, monitoring, certification, etc Methods for baseline development

6. Issues for Developing Countries Ensuring modalities for CDM projects will address concerns of developing countries Ensuring environment integrity of Article 3.3, 3.4 6 & 12 activities

7. A&R under CDM Simplified guidelines Regional baselines Priority for small-scale projects –Exclude forests of > 1000 ha in one unit –Priority for < 200 ha/unit but aggregating up to 10000 ha Priority for A&R projects that promote livelihoods Forestry projects with multi-species & multi- function to get priority Biodiversity conservation component should be integrated into project guideline Priority for mitigation activities incorporating adaptation practices