1. Audio Sequencing

2. Audio Sequencing Workshop for Beginners A sequencer is a virtual multitracker where you can record, edit and mix your material. The most used sequencers are: Steinberg Cubase (VST, LE, SX, 4) Apple Logic Digidesign Pro Tools

3. 녹음과정 준비 녹음 오버더빙 (overdubbing) 믹싱 (mixing, mixdown) 마스터링 (mastering) 제품 제조

4. Audio Sequencing Workshop: Recording Cubase  new project  name (like "song1")  save to the hard disc preferences check: sampling rate  44.1kHz, bitrate  24 bit (The 24 bit gives us more dynamic while recording. The 44,1kHz is a standard.)

5. ▶ Record button on the transport-window  recording ▶ Next tracks  recording ▶ Don’t forget to name the tracks correctly.

6. Tracks color

7. ▶ pink and purple tracks  guitar tracks (L and R) ▶ blue track  bass-track ▶ orange  bongos ▶ green  vocals You might have your own!

8. Audio Sequencing Workshop: Editing Editing is cutting and re-arranging parts so they fit properly into the song arrangement. The most important tool in the edit process is cutting and fading. We need this to put two regions in a line or to fade in/out a part smoothly.

9. Cutting At Zero Crossing How you do it wrong:

10. The right way:

11. Fade In/Out The region-fade:

12. The volume-fade:

13. Crossfades Audio > Crossfade

14. Removing Silence And Mute Regions Muting and cutting clean:

15. Cleaned Tom track: (Don't forget the fade-ins and fade-outs!)

16. Our arrangement should now, after the editing, look like this:

17. Audio Sequencing Workshop: Mixing 1.Input / Output 2.Trim and Phase Reverse 3.Inserts 1-6 4.Inserts 6-8 5.Pan/Balance 6.Mute and Solo 7.Channel fader 8.Automation Read/Write 9.Edit channel window 10.Insert / EQ / Send-Bypass 11.Listen Input 12.Record activation 13.Show Inserts / EQs / Sends 14.Mixer view setting

18. Equalizer Lo Cut/Hi Pass Cuts a lot (about 24dB/Octave) under the cutoff-frequency. (Ex: Cleaning tracks of low rumble and unnecessary information.) Lo Shelve / Hi Shelve Cuts / adds in the basses or highs Shelving / Peak type Cuts / adds around the cutoff-frequency. High Cut/Lo Pass To cut high frequencies.

19. Dynamics Dynamics control the volume of audio-signal. Noise gate (Ex: Everything between 2 kick drum-hits is being muted.) Compressor (Ex: Loud vocals are being reduced so the quiet signals are more even.) Limiter (Ex: A limiter in the Insert of the Master fader so in the bounce there is no distorting signal above 0dB.) Multiband-Compressor (Ex: A static fat bass of a kick drum, but the highs are kept dynamic.)

20. Panorama / Balance Panorama / balance is used to place an audio signal in the stereo mix, from the very left, the mid to the very right. Panorama knobs are for mono signals.

21. Reverb Using reverberation as an aftereffect gives you the possibility to control the room in the mix.

22. But we have to "feed" the fx-tracks. For this we will create aux-sends. Let's do this for the vocals. We will send signals to the short reverb. If we fade out the vocal-track, the reverb shall decrease too so we will use one of the post fader-sends (2, 4, 6 or 8):

23. The Bongos shall have a little bit short reverb and lots of the long reverb, there we go:

24. Special Effects and Automation Try effects like Chorus, Flanger, Modulation, Delay, Distortion, Rotary or Tremo lo for unique sounds in your songs. Ex: telephone-voice

26. Bouncing Bouncing is the same like "Mixdown", "Rendering" or similar. When a signal is above 0dB, the signal will distort. Therefore we will use a limiter in the insert of the main-output.

27. Audio Sequencing Workshop: Mastering For more songs the process looks a little bit different.

28. Benjamin Kapidzic Benjamin Kapidzic, born in 1984, lives in Hamburg (Germany). Studied audio-engineering at the SAE-college and works as an live/studio engineer and is mixing/producing several projects. Need help with your projects? For more information contact: kapv@gmx.de

29. Summary, QnA