3. Write in your Table of Contents: #6 Robber Barron Matrix #7 Towards Industrialism Notes

4. History Alive Slide Lecture Slides

6. World’s 1 st “skyscraper” built in 1885 in Chicago

7. The Brooklyn Bridge in New York City, 1883

8. Andrew Carnegie

9. IndustryKey PersonSignificant Facts SteelAndrew Carnegie 1883-Brooklyn Bridge < symbol of American transition Bessemer process < turn iron into steel Skyscrapers < transformed cities

10. Pioneer Run, Pennsylvania

11. John D. Rockefeller

12. IndustryKey PersonSignificant Facts OilJohn D. Rockefeller Standard Oil (horizontal consolidation) 1st successful oil well drilled in 1859

14. Cornelius Vanderbilt

16. IndustryKey PersonSignificant Facts RailroadCornelius Vanderbilt American Railway Assoc. divided the nation into 4 time zones

17. “Captains of Industry” vs. “Robber barons” – controlled the major industries of the nation and much of American Society

18. Social Darwinism – “survival of the fittest” preserved the strong in society and weeded out the weak relieved any unwelcome guilt they may have felt about poverty in society

19. Gospel of Wealth – God’s chosen for those who found Social Darwinism distasteful religious rationale for wealth Carnegie took this one step further by saying that society’s fittest had both the talent and responsibility for deciding what was best for society.

20. Laissez –faire economics – “to let one do” government’s proper role was to leave the economy alone government interference would disrupt the natural forces at work in the economy

21. Invention/Technology Window Panes Oil, Well, Drill & Pump -Edwin L. Drake 1858 -Cheaper more efficient method of obtaining Oil Electric Power & light bulb -Thomas A Edison 1880 -Wide spread, affordable in-home lighting, increased productivity of the workplace and home appliances Alternating current & transformers -George Westinghouse 1885 -Electricity could be generated more cheaply and travel further Telegraphy -Samuel F. B. Morse 1844 -Newly diverse Morse code for telegraphy signaled the start of a communications revolution Telephone -Alexander Graham Bell 1876 -Created a “talking telegraph” and made it possible for many people to eventually be linked through phone lines; facilitated expansion of natural business Bessemer Process -Henry Bessemer/ William Kelly 1856 -New process for making steel made it easier and cheaper to remove impurities; made possible the mass production of steel; led to new industries and products as well as the development of skyscrapers and modern bridges Transportation -EX. Railroad Network -Revolutionized personal travel; led to time zones (1883); transformed the nature of business & industry