1. Chapter 15 lecture 1 Skeletal System

2. Provides support Allows for mobility Protects Vital Organs….your brain, spinal column, heart and lungs Produces blood cells Stores nutrients

3. From wikipedia.com 1. frontal bone 2. parietal bone (2) 3. temporal bone (2) 4. occipital bone 5. zygomatic bone (2) 6. superior and inferior maxilla 7. mandible 8. cervical vertebrae (7) incl. atlas & axis 9. nasal bone (2) 10. Sternum 11. hummerus (2) 12. ulna (2) 13. radius (2) 14. lumbar vertebrae (5) thoracic vertebrae (12) 15. ilium 16. sacrum not labeled coccyx 17. hip joint (joint, not bone) (2) 18. femur (2) 19. patella (2) 20. tibia (2) 21. fibula (2) 22. greater trochanter of femur 23. condyles of femur 24. Knee joint not bone 25. clavicle or collarbone (2) 26. condyles of humerus 27. head of radius 28. ribs (2 x 12) 29. scapula or shoulder blade (2) Not Labeled: Palm or metacarpal bones: metacarpal bones (5 × 2) Finger bones or phalanges: proximal phalanges (5 × 2) intermediate phalanges (4 × 2) distal phalanges (5 × 2) Ankle (tarsal) bones: calcaneus (heel bone) (2) talus (2) navicular bone (2) medial cuneiform bone (2) intermediate cuneiform bone (2) lateral cuneiform bone (2) cuboidal bone (2) Instep bones: metatarsal bone (5 × 2) Toe bones: proximal phalanges (5 × 2) intermediate phalanges (4 × 2) distal phalanges (5 × 2)

4. Medical Practitioners Orthopedist Rheumatologist Osteopathic physician Chiropractor

5. Bone Formation Osseous tissue-type of connective tissue –Osteocytes –Collagen Cartilaginous Tissue- fetal tissue from which bones develop Osteoblast- cells that mature and replace cartilage during ossification Osteoclasts- breakdown and reabsorb bone tissue

6. Bone Formation Calcium and phosphorus are necessary for formation of bones- enzymatic action causes these two minerals to bind together and produce calcium phosphate Vitamin D is also essential for proper absorption of these minerals

7. Types of Bones Long bones Short bones Sesamoid bones- small rounded Flat bones Irregular

8. Long Bones Epiphyseal line- growth plate bone gets longer Epiphysis ends of the bones-made of spongy bone Diaphysis-shaft of the bone-made of compact bone Metaphysis-flared portion Periosteum-strong vascular covering of the bone Yellow Marrow-fat Compact bone-area of the diaphysis Source: wikipedia.com

9. Bone Structures Head- rounded end of the bone seperated by the neck from the body of the bone Tubercle- round process on the bone where tendons or muscles attach Tuberosity- lager round process where tendons and muscles attach Condyle- knuckle-like process at the joint

10. Bone Structures- depressions Fossa- shallow cavity Foramen- opening for blood vessels or nerves Fissure- narrow deep slit on the bone’s surface Sinus- a hollow cavity in a bone Trochanter-large bump on femur Tubercle-round process where muscle and tendons attach

11. Compact and spongy bone have lots of blood vessels that move through them blood vessels pick up new blood cells and deposit minerals for storage U.S. National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program (http://training.seer.cancer.gov/index.html) Exact adresshttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/index.html Exact adress

12. Flat Bone Flat bones are found in the skull Compact bone sandwiches cancellous bone on each side. Provides a shield for internal organs and especially your brain Source:wikipedia.com

13. Bone Formation

14. Bone development Osteoblasts-osteocytes that replace the cartilage with bone Osteoclasts- break down bone to replace it over time Minerals attach to the bone structure

15. Growth of Long Bones Epiphyseal line is where the bone presses each direction creating elongation Damage to this area during growth causes the bone to be shorter than it should be

16. Growth of Long Bones If the work of the growth plate is interrupted one leg or arm will be shorter than the other If growth is interrupted by disease or chemicals of all epiphyseal plates then the person will have a shorter stature and may have problems later in life with bone disease

17. Bone Growth source: http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_3_bone_growth.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_3_bone_growth.html

18. Bone Layers

19. Fractures

20. Fracture The Diagram is a simple complete fracture During a fracture the bone tissue will often bleed just like other wounds in the body The tissue will swell to create immobilization and decrease use. As the bone heals it creates a callus and is thicker than the bone was before

21. Fracture Myths These are false statements…. –You can’t move a broken bone, or the joint closest to the break –You can tell by looking at a limb that it is broken –Casting is always necessary for proper healing –Taking vitamins prevents fractures

22. Male and Female Male skeletal system has denser bones The pelvic girdle is shaped differently in men and women The number of bones in the same

23. Male Pelvis

24. Female Pelvis

25. Bone Identification Be able to divide the bones into the following groups Identify the long bones (femur, ulna, radius…) Identify the flat bones (skull bones, sternum….) Identify Irregular bones (ribs, patella,….)

26. Joint Basics bone ends are protected by articular cartilage and a joint capsule The outer most edge of the articular cartilage is covered with the synovial membrane which secretes fluid to lubricate the joint

27. Joint Actions

28. Joints in Skull

29. Joint Identification Be able to divide list the bones of each joint type….. Saddle Hinge Gliding Ball and socket Pivot Condyloid Immobile