1. Chemical Reaction Engineering Asynchronous Video Series Chapter 1: General Mole Balance Equation Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs H. Scott Fogler, Ph.D.

2. A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. Chemical Identity

3. A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms. Chemical Identity

4. A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms. 1. Decomposition Chemical Identity

5. A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms. 1. Decomposition 2. Combination Chemical Identity

6. A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity. The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms. 1. Decomposition 2. Combination 3. Isomerization Chemical Identity

7. The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume. Reaction Rate

8. The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume. The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product. Reaction Rate

9. The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume. The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product. Reaction Rate Consider species A:

10. The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume. The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product. Reaction Rate Consider species A: r A = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume

11. The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume. The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product. Reaction Rate Consider species A: r A = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume -r A = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume

12. The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume. The rate of a reaction can be expressed as the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance of a product. Reaction Rate Consider species A: r A = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume -r A = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume r B = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume

13. Reaction Rate EXAMPLE: If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie, r B = 0.2 mole/dm 3 /s

14. Reaction Rate EXAMPLE: If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie, r B = 0.2 mole/dm 3 /s Then A is disappearing at the same rate: -r A = 0.2 mole/dm 3 /s

15. Reaction Rate EXAMPLE: If B is being formed at 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie, r B = 0.2 mole/dm 3 /s Then A is disappearing at the same rate: -r A = 0.2 mole/dm 3 /s The rate of formation (generation of A) is r A = -0.2 mole/dm 3 /s

16. Reaction Rate For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -r A ', which is the rate of disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.

17. Reaction Rate For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -r A ', which is the rate of disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst basis. NOTE: dC A /dt is not the rate of reaction

18. Reaction Rate Consider species j:

19. Reaction Rate Consider species j: r j is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm 3 *s]

20. Reaction Rate Consider species j: r j is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm 3 *s] r j is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)

21. Reaction Rate Consider species j: r j is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm 3 *s] r j is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any) r j is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.)

22. Reaction Rate Consider species j: r j is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm 3 *s] r j is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any) r j is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.) r j is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation

23. Reaction Rate Consider species j: r j is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm 3 *s] r j is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any) r j is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.) r j is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation We use an algebraic equation to relate the rate of reaction, -r A, to the concentration of reacting species and to the temperature at which the reaction occurs [e.g. -r A = k(T)C A 2 ].

24. General Mole Balance

26. Batch Reactor Mole Balance

30. Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance

35. Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance PFR:

36. Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance PFR:

37. Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance PFR:

38. Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance PFR:

39. Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance PFR:

40. Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance PFR: The integral form is:

41. Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance PFR: The integral form is: This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from F A0 to the exit molar flow rate of F A.

42. Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance PBR

43. Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance PBR

44. Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance PBR

45. Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance PBR

46. Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance PBR The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:

47. Reactor Mole Balance Summary