1. Long Test No. 1 (Feb. 4) Pointers for Review
Reproduction in Plants
1. Sexual Reproduction
- Parts of a Flower
- Pollination
- Fertilization
- Seed Dispersal & Germination
2. Asexual Reproduction
- Natural Vegetative Propagation
- Artificial Vegetative Propagation

2. Quiz # 3 on Thursday Seed germination Needs of a growing seed
Asexual Reproduction
- Natural Vegetative Propagation
- Artificial Vegetative Propagation

3. Asexual Reproduction (plants)

4. Plants are important part of the environment and our lives
Plants are important part of the environment and our lives. In fact, many of our needs are being sustained by the different plants around us.
Can you name some important things or needs we get from plants?

5. Life Cycle of a Plant Growing plant Flowering plant Germination
Pollination
Dispersal of seeds
Fertilization

6. Some plants don't produce flowers and seeds
Some plants don't produce flowers and seeds. Plants such as ferns and mosses are called non-flowering plants and produce spores instead of seeds.

7. Spores are microscopic specks of living material
Spores are microscopic specks of living material. Ferns produce their spores on the undersides of the leaves (fronds).
They are the brown "spots" or "pads" on the bottom of the leaves.

8. Some plants uses plant parts in order to reproduce
Some plants uses plant parts in order to reproduce. We call it asexual reproduction or vegetative propagation of plants.

9. Reproduction in Plants
Sexual
Asexual
Flowers (perfect or imperfect)
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
Pollination (self or cross)
Fertilization
Fruits and Seeds
Natural
Artificial
Seed dispersal/Germination
Seedling- young plant

10. Natural Vegetative Propagation
Natural vegetative propagation is the growing of new plants from parts of a parent plant
such as underground stems, roots and leaves.

11. New Plants From Stems
Modified stems

12. Bulb
Examples: onion (sibuyas), lily, hyacinth and tulip
A bulb is consist of a short stem base with one or more buds enclosed in many fleshy leaves, which store food.

13. Corm
Examples: Gabi, Gladiola and Begonia
Corm is a thick stem base with scaly leaves at the nodes and contains stored food.

14. Tuber
Examples: Irish potato
Tuber is enlarged because of stored food.
The “eyes” of the potato are its nodes
where buds and roots
will develop.

15. Rhizome
Example: Ginger (luya), birds of paradise
Rhizome is an underground stem that grows horizontally near the soil surface.
Roots and buds develop at the nodes and grow into new plants.

16. Runners and Stolons
Examples: Strawberry and Bermuda
These stems grow horizontally above the ground. When the node touches
the ground the roots and leaves develop and a new plant grows

17. New Plants from Roots
Plants like the turnip (or singkamas), carrot, radish and sweet potato (kamote) have storage roots.
These roots contain food.
When planted, storage roots grow into new plants.

18. New Plants from the Leaves
Katakataka has leaves that produce new plants separate from the parent plant and continue to grow.
Begonia plants have also produce new plants from their leaves that touch the soil.

19. Artificial Vegetative Propagation
It is a method of propagating plants develop by people who are engaged in the production of plants for food or decoration.

20. Cutting
The cutting produces new roots, stems, or both, and thus becomes a new plant independent of the parent.

22. Layering
Layering is a technique for plant propagation in which a portion of an aerial stem is encouraged to grow roots while still attached to the parent plant and then removed and planted as an independent plant.

23. Pull branch down for
simple layer.
(B) Make wound or cut at bend.
(C) Stake tip to hold upright.
Compound layers are suitable for plants with long stems or vines.

24. Grafting
A branch or stem is cut from one plant carefully and joined to another. The branch or stem shares the food and water that passes through the stem of the mother plant.
Grafting is done to improve the quality of some plants.

25. Grafting is use to:
speed the maturity of some plants.
provide strong stalk for some ornamental plats.
repair a damage trunk of a tree which stops the flow of nutrients.

26. Budding
It is done by choosing and cutting a bud from one plant and attaching it to another plant.
The bud must fit well to the mother plant.
When the bud grows big enough it will become part of the plant.

27. Steps 3 1 2 1 6 7 5 4

28. Marcotting In marcotting, a healthy mature plant is selected.
The bark of the plant’s stem is removed.
Soil must be put around the open stem which is then wrapped with cloth, plastic or coconut husk.
In few months time, roots will grow out of the stem.

30. Cloning
Cloning is a method of producing a new plant using tissue of culture.
Beginning with a group of cells cut from the part of the mother plant, thousands of exact copies can be produced within a short period.

31. Plants can grow from stems, roots and leaves (Modified stem) A. bulb
Natural Vegetative propagation
- the growing of new plants from parts of a parent plant such as underground stems, roots and leaves.
Plants can grow from stems, roots and leaves
(Modified stem)
A. bulb
B. tuber
C. corm
D. rhizome
E. runners/ stolons

32. Artificial vegetative propagation
A method of propagating plants develop by people who are engaged in the production of plants for food or decoration.
Cutting
Grafting
Layering
Budding
Marcotting
Cloning
These methods of propagation helps improve the quality of plants.

33. the end