1. Learning

2. The Questions of Learning Where do we learn? What are we ready to learn with ease? Is there anything we know instinctively? What do we need to actively try to learn? How do we learn?

3. Where do we learn? Family School Friends Media Work Any other places?

4. What are we ready to learn with ease? From a young age we learn to walk, talk and eat with ease. Are we hardwired to learn and react to the world around us from a young age?

5. What are we ready to learn? Did those babies learn to react that way? Or do they instinctively react that way?

6. What do we need to actively try to learn? Learning Math, Science and other languages requires a conscious effort to learn “Natural” abilities only go so far, but there are exceptions to the rule.

7. Learning Learning - any change in knowledge or behaviour as a result of experience. Humans rely on learning over instinct We can change our thinking and behaviour to meet new situations and challenges

8. Types of Learning Conditioning: acquiring patterns of behaviour in the presence of an environmental stimulus Most human behaviour is the result of conditioned learning

9. Classical Conditioning - Pavlov’s dog Learning where a stimulus that does not elicit a given response is repeatedly linked with one that does until the neutral stimulus elicits the response by itself

10. Terms you NEED to know! Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): agent that leads to a response without training For example: the meat/food

11. Terms you NEED to know! Unconditioned Response (UCR): automatic response to an unconditioned stiumulus For example: drooling

12. Terms you NEED to know! Neutral Stimulus (NS): stimulus that initially has no effect For example: the metronome

13. Terms you NEED to know Conditioned Stimulus (CS): a former neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a given response after pairing it with an unconditioned stimulus For example: the metronome

14. Terms you NEED to know! Conditioned Response (CR): The dog drools as a result of hearing the metronome

15. Hints! The neutral stimulus is always the same as the conditioned stimulus Figure out the unconditioned response first (the natural or automatic response that requires no learning, teaching or prompting to occur)

16. Assignment! Read each example and fill in the charts with the unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response and conditioned response Then create two examples of your own! Work ALONE!!! I am here to help and answer questions!

17. Example You eat a new food and then get sick because of the flu. However, you develop a dislike for the food and feel nauseated whenever you smell it.

18. Operant Conditioning - B. F. Skinner Learning complex behaviours through the use of positive or negative reinforcements Skinner wanted to teach a rat to push a lever in a cage to get a piece of food When the rat touched the lever (behaviour), it got a food pellet (reward)

19. Operant Conditioning

20. Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement: Reward for desired behaviours For example: getting praise from your parents for getting good grades

21. Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement: behaviour that occurs to avoid negative consequences For example: slowing down to avoid getting a speeding ticket, not talking to avoid detention

22. Where do we learn? Of the five places discussed (family, school, peers, media, work), which is the most important? Rank them most important (top) to least important (bottom). Justify each ranking!