1. Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
CHAPTER 19
The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism
Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Objectives:
>Compare the motivations, methods and class support of fascism and communism, particularly in Italy and Germany during the interwar years.
>Describe Mussolini’s and Hitler’s rise to power, methods of control, and the reasons for their overwhelming support by the general public.

2. Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism
SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Bell Ringer 19.4:
Why did people embrace totalitarianism?
Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism
Italy
Germany

3. SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Benito Mussolini

4. Socialists using a gang of thugs called the Black Shirts.
SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
The Fascists conducted a violent campaign against their opponents – communists and
Socialists using a gang of thugs called the Black Shirts.

5. Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Mussolini came to power after the "March on Rome" in 1922, and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel.

6. What are the basic characteristics of Fascism?
SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
What are the basic characteristics of Fascism?
NATIONALISM: the belief that one's nation is of primary importance
AUTHORITARIANISM: a political system controlled by typically non-elected rulers who usually permit some degree of individual freedom
MILITARISM

7. What are the basic characteristics of Fascism?
SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
What are the basic characteristics of Fascism?
SINGLE PARTY STATE: single political party - no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election
DICTATORSHIP: control by one person or a small group of people
SOCIAL DARWINISM: strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die.

8. Section 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

9. Fascism vs Communism SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Fascism vs Communism
Totalitarian
state over the individual
Powerful military
Controls through censorship and propaganda
Totalitarian
state over the individual
Powerful military
Controls through censorship and propaganda

10. Fascism vs Communism SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Fascism vs Communism
Nationalistic
left farms and large industries in the hands of their owners and let them run them as they saw fit so long as they provided the output the government demanded.
Appealed to middle classes
International
seized all private property in the name of the state and put all industrial and economic production under the direct control of the government
Appealed to working classes

11. Mussolini in control … SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Mussolini in control …
Opposing parties were disbanded.
Basic liberties were suspended.
Strikes were outlawed.
Uniformed and secret police spied on everyone.
TOTALITARIANISM

12. Political Cartoon
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

13. Political Cartoon
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

14. Political Cartoon
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

15. SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

16. Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism
SECTION 4
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany
Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism
Italy
Germany
internal turmoil
internal turmoil
weak government
weak government
crippled economy
crippled economy
dreams of former glory
dreams of former glory
restoration of order
restoration of order
Mussolini
Hitler