1. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Homeostatic Imbalances  Burns  Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals  Associated dangers  Dehydration  Electrolyte imbalance  Circulatory shock

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How Skin Burns

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rule of Nines  Way to determine the extent of burns  Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation  Each area represents about 9% of total body surface area

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rule of Nines Figure 4.11a Chest = 9% Abdomen = 9%

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Severity of Burns  First-degree burns  Only epidermis is damaged  Skin is red and swollen  Second-degree burns  Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged  Skin is red with blisters  Third-degree burns  Destroys entire skin layer  Burn is gray-white or black

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Burns  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNQ_uW66LfU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNQ_uW66LfU

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Critical Burns  Burns are considered critical if  Over 25% of body has second- degree burns  Over 10% of the body has third- degree burns  There are third-degree burns of the face, hands, or feet

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings What is a skin graft?  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l83DndvIfV4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l83DndvIfV4

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Grafts

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure it out… 1.A 22 year-old male has circumferential burns of both his legs and genitals. What percentage of his body is burned? 2.A 57 year-old female tripped and fell into a small camp fire. She has burns to her hands, anterior arms and upper chest. What percentage of her body has been burned? 3.A 17 year-old male sustained burns to his face, entire left arm, anterior portion of his right arm, and upper third of his trunk while burning yard debris. What percentage of his body has been burned?

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1.37% 2.18% 3.24%

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Story of Zubaida Hassan  Farah province of Afghanistan. In August of 2001, Zubaida was pouring kerosene into an indoor home cooking stove while it was hot. The fuel ignited and she caught on fire. She sustained burns to her face, neck, chest and arms. When the fire was extinguished, her father took her to a nearby medical provider where she was given ointments. Her condition worsened and her father took her to Iran for better care. The care providers told her father that he should take her home where she could die. But, she didn’t die. Zubaida was a very strong willed little girl.

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transition

15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Today…

16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer  Cancer—abnormal cell mass  Classified two ways  Benign  Does not spread (encapsulated)  Malignant  Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body  Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer

17. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types  Basal cell carcinoma  Least malignant  Most common type  Arises from stratum basale

18. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Basal Cell Carcinoma  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yy6yHa_HtXI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yy6yHa_HtXI

19. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types Figure 4.12a

20. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types  Squamous cell carcinoma  Metastasizes to lymph nodes if not removed  Early removal allows a good chance of cure  Believed to be sun-induced  Arises from stratum spinosum

21. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Squamous Cell Carcinoma  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXtv840eess http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXtv840eess

22. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types Figure 4.12b

23. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types  Malignant melanoma  Most deadly of skin cancers  Cancer of melanocytes  Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels  Detection uses ABCD rule

24. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Cancer Types Figure 4.12c

25. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Melanoma  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFeuNzSWYus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFeuNzSWYus

26. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ABCD Rule  A = Asymmetry  Two sides of pigmented mole do not match  B = Border irregularity  Borders of mole are not smooth  C = Color  Different colors in pigmented area  D = Diameter  Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter

27. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

28. Bedsores  Bedsores — also called pressure sores or pressure ulcers — are injuries to skin and underlying tissues that result from prolonged pressure on the skin. Bedsores most often develop on skin that covers bony areas of the body, such as the heel, ankles, hips or buttocks.  People most at risk of bedsores are those with a medical condition that limits their ability to change positions, requires them to use a wheelchair or confines them to a bed for prolonged periods.  Bedsores can develop quickly and are often difficult to treat. Several care strategies can help prevent some bedsores and promote healing.

29. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bedsores

30. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bedsores

31. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Acne  A skin condition that causes whiteheads, blackheads, and inflamed red growths (papules, pustules, and cysts) to form. These growths are commonly called pimples or "zits.“  Acne occurs when tiny holes on the surface of the skin, called pores, become clogged.  When glands produce too much oil, the pores can become blocked. Dirt, debris, bacteria, and inflammatory cells build up. The blockage is called a plug.  The top of the plug may be white (whitehead) or dark (blackhead).whiteheadblackhead  If the plug breaks open, the material inside causes swelling and red bumps to form.  If the inflammation is deep in your skin, the pimples may enlarge to form firm, painful cysts.cysts  Acne is a problem of swelling and inflammation, not a problem caused by bacteria.

32. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Acne tends to run in families and can be triggered by:  Hormonal changes related to menstrual periods, pregnancy, birth control pills, or stress  Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products  Certain drugs (such as steroids, hormones  High levels of humidity and sweating  Despite the popular belief that chocolate, nuts, and greasy foods cause acne, research does not confirm this idea. Diets high in refined sugars may be related to acne, though.

33. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

34. Acne

35. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skin Homeostatic Imbalances Figure 4.10 http://www.psoriasis.com/what-is- psoriasis.aspx