1. Interwar Period Aim: Compare and contrast the Chinese, Mexican and Russian Revolutions.

2. Inter-War Period 1919-1939 1) Great Depression in Industrialized Countries (1920-WWII in nation-states that lost WWI) (1930-WWII in nation-states that won WWI) 2) Nationalist and Independence Movements a)China (Kuomintang rule vs Communists) b)India (Gandhi, Indian National Congress and non-violence) c)Latin America (Mexican Revolution and the continuation of caudillos and juntas) d)Middle East (Mandates and the discovery of oil leads to continuing imperialism) e)Southeast Asia (continuation of imperialism leads to Nationalistic revolts most famously in Vietnam)

3. 3 Post-War Europe Instability Spread of Fascism Map of Europe after World War I, 1919–1926

4. Europe in 1919

5. 5 New Nations: Europe Ireland –Michael Collins –Northern Ireland Division of Austria-Hungary 1. Austria 2. Hungary 3. Czechoslovakia 4. Yugoslavia 5. Other portions went to Romania, Poland and Italy Sinn Fein members in British Parliament, 1918

6. Totalitarianism – total control over lives by a government Communism – extreme left wing Economic and social equality is primary goal – more than family USSR, China, movements in Central and Western Europe Fascism – extreme right wing Nation-State is the primary goal – more than family Italy, Germany, Spain

7. 7 Rise of Extremism: Japan and Russia Japan – military dictatorship Moved to expand its empire Extend its influence to mainland China (Manchuria) Rise of militaristic extremists Russia – Communist dictatorship Joseph Stalin Modernization Repression Joseph Stalin meets Chairman Mao

8. Fascism

9. 9 Rise of Extremism: Italy Fascist Party Benito Mussolin i Benito Mussolini addresses followers in Colosseum

10. Benito Mussolini – causes of his popularity - “The trains run on time” 1- Italian government corrupt 2 - WWI snub – Versailles Treaty Little territorial gain 3 - Gaps in wealth between North+ South of country 4 - 1922 – Fascist party Overthrow with March on Rome and puts in dictatorial powers and eliminates rivals 5 – New efficient government popular

11. March on Rome [1922] – Fascists come to power when Italian government can solve virtually none of the problems – corruption, inflation, etc.

12. Fascist Youth – propagandist support for Mussolini

13. 13 Rise of Extremism: Germany Dissatisfaction with Weimar government Hyperinflation Resentment over terms of the Versailles Treaty National Socialists (Nazis) – take power in 1932 Adolf Hitler – “Mein Kampf” Adolf Hitler (x over his head) as a World War I corporal

14. German Military Costs Deaths – 1,773,000 soldiers Wounded – 4,216,058 soldiers Missing / Prisoners – 1,152,800 soldiers Maimed German WW I Veteran German Military Costs Deaths – 1,773,000 soldiers Wounded – 4,216,058 soldiers Missing / Prisoners – 1,152,800 soldiers Maimed German WW I Veteran

15. The German Mark - INFLATION

16. The German Mark

17. The German Government: 1919- 1920

18. The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923 Nazi Party attempt to overthrow Weimar Republic The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923 Nazi Party attempt to overthrow Weimar Republic

19. The Dawes Plan (1924)

20. Mein Kampf [My Struggle] – basis for Nazi philosophy – includes Racist Supremacy language

21. Weimar Germany: Political Representation [1920-1933] Political Parties in the Reichstag May 1924 Dec. 1924 May 1928 Sep. 1930 July 1932 Nov. 1932 Mar. 1933 Communist Party (KPD) 624554778910081 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 100131153143133121120 Catholic Centre Party (BVP) 81887887979093 Nationalist Party (DNVP) 9510373413752 Nazi Party (NSDAP) 321412107230196288 Other Parties 102112121122223523

22. German Election Results in 1933

23. German Unemployment: 1929-1938

24. Interwar Period

25. League of Nations Members

26. Washington Naval Conference [1921-1922] U. S. Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67

27. The Maginot Line

28. Locarno Pact: 1925 Gustave Stresemann (Ger.) Aristide Briand (Fr.) Austin Chamberlain (Br.)  Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.  Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.  Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.  Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

29. Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928  15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes.  Problem  no way of enforcement.  15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes.  Problem  no way of enforcement.

30. Kellogg Briand Pact – Isolationist ideology rules January 1929: American president Calvin Coolidge signs the Kellogg-Briand Pact renouncing war, in a session staged for the news reel cameras in the White House. (Left to right) President Coolidge, Secretary of State Frank Billings Kellogg, Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon, and Secretary of State Davis. The pact was signed in Paris on 27th August 1928 and later ratified in Washington on 15th July 1929. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)

31. Causes of the Great Depression 1)Costs of WWI – contraction of European economies and destruction of property and loss of lives a)Hits “losers” of WWI first – 1920s Germany in severe depression during Weimar Republic b)Takes time to spread and hurt “winners” of WWI (Great Britain and USA by 1929)

32. Causes of Great Depression (part 2) 2) Unchecked investment but little production to match it – 1920s saw huge expansion in stock market (400% increase in stock market from 1925-1929) – “Roaring 20s” A) “Black Tuesday” – October 24 th 1929 – gains of previous 4 years wiped out in just weeks B) Caused by crisis in confidence and inflated stock price

33. Causes of Great Depression (part 3) 3) Large discrepancy in wealth distribution between Upper and Lower Classes A) not “real” prosperity, reduces consumer demand for goods which hurts the economy, large amount of “credit” available – then taken away by Federal Reserve policy in response to downturn B) protectionist policies in many countries ensue C) Tax policy helps “Rich” and others pay for it

34. The Roaring Twenties – In WWI winning countries like USA

35. The Great Depression [1929-1941]

36. Decrease in World Trade: 1929- 1932

37. The “New Napoleons?” – USSR Stalin, Italy Mussolini, Germany Hitler, and Spain Franco

38. Cubist Movement

39. Settler Societies

40. Zaibatsu

41. Porfirio Diaz

42. Pancho Villa

43. Emiliano Zapata

44. Soldaderas

45. Victoriano Huerta

46. Alvaro Obregon

47. Lazaro Cardenas

48. Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco

49. Cristeros

50. Party of the Industrialized Revolution (Mexico)

51. Alexander Keresky

52. Bolsheviks

53. Russian Civil War

54. Leon Trotsky

55. New Economic Policy

56. Supreme Soviet

57. Joseph Stalin

58. Sun Yet-sen

59. Yuan Shikai

60. May Fourth Movement

61. Li Dazhao

62. Mao Zedong

63. Guomindang

64. Whampoa Military Academy

65. Chiang Kai-shek

66. Long March