1. Solidarity in Poland 1980-81

2. Questions for discussion: - Factory occupation by workers a new nonviolent tactic? What were its advantages? - Compare the role of the Church in Poland with religious involvement in other nonviolent movements. What were the differences, if any? - List the full repertoire of nonviolent action in 1980-82, and describe the advantages and disadvantages, if any, of each method. - What were the main reasons for the severe setback of December 1981? Could the damage have been limited with better strategy? - What were the strengths and weaknesses of the ruling Communist Party in Poland?

3. Background History of Occupation WWII and Yalta 1956, 1968 1970, 1976 1979 – Papal visit

4. Lenin Shipyard Food crisis, protests Gdansk Shipyard Anna Walentyowicz, Lech Walesa Occupation Demands Inter-Strike Committee Gdansk Agreement

5. Solidarity Rapid growth throughout society Relationship to the party and Society Trade Union or Social Movement Fundamentalists vs. Pragmatists 'Firefighting'

6. 'Registration Crisis' Government 'not fully implementing the agreement' Friday 3 rd October noon till one. General 'warning' Strike. Registration Crisis – 27 th - 31 st October, Strikes threatened. Compromise negotiated.

7. 'Narozniak Affair' 20 November – Police arrest volunteer printer in Warsaw. Strikes spread – demands for investigations into 1976 repression, and sacking of top officials.. Narozniak released by authorities, but strikes continue. Finally are persuaded after authorities agree to negotiations. Strike ends 28 th November ( 'Narozniak today, Walesa tomorrow')

8. Bydgoszcz Crisis Solidarity members beaten by security forces. Provocation?. Friday 27 th March – 4 hour General Strike. Workers prepare over the weekend – bring supplies and sleeping bags to work. Negotiations, strike suspended.

9. Debates within Solidarity July - Economic collapse, Hunger marches Demand for information on food production and distribution Debates between 'pragmatists' and 'fundamentalists'. Government breaks off negotiations. September 4th – Solidarity National Congress.

10. 'State of War' 13 December, 1981 Internments and arrests Solidarity underground 'Piast Mine' State of War ended 1982

11. Tactics 'Self-Censorship' Information Strikes Occupations Organisations Violence?

12. The Church Pope's visit 1979 'Dignity' Cautious Opposition After December 1981

13. The Communist Party Internal Pressures External Pressures Leadership Police and Army ( 'Common Road, Common Aim')