1. 1 WORLD BANK MISSION

2. 2 SOUTHERN REGION WESTERN REGION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION INSTALLED CAPACITY NORTHERN :- 31,230 MW EASTERN :- 17,697 MW SOUTHERN :- 31,876 MW WESTERN :- 32,354 MW NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW TOTAL 115,514 MW

3. 3 SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNRE GION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION ‘ ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS 1 2 3 SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003 ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART

4. 4 SOUTHERN REGION WESTERNRE GION EASTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION ‘ELECTRICAL’ REGIONS 1 2 WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS

5. 5 POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA) AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA) INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 31,876 MW(27.6%) WEATHER :- South-west monsoon North-east monsoon SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY

6. 6 ANDHRA PRADESH POPULATION :- 7.6 CRORES AREA :- 275 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 162 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 560 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- RICE CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID SR STATES – GEOGRAPHY KARNATAKA POPULATION :- 5.3 CRORES AREA :- 192 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 105 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 389 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COFFEE & RAGI CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID KERALA POPULATION :- 3.2 CRORES AREA :- 39 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 61 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 300 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- COCONUT & SPICES CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HUMID TAMIL NADU POPULATION :- 6.2 CRORES AREA :- 130 (‘000 SQ KM) NO OF CONSUMERS :- 152 LAKHS PER CAPITA CONS. :- 586 UNITS MAIN AGRICULTURE CROP :- SUGAR CANE & OIL SEEDS CLIMATIC CONDITION :- HOT AND HOT & HUMID

7. 7 SR STATES – POWER SYSTEM STATISTICS ANDHRA PRADESH INSTALLED CAPACITY – 9531 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 7441 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 166 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 130 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -29%, DOM-22%, COMM- 5%, IRRI-34% & OTHERS-10% KARNATAKA INSTALLED CAPACITY – 5802 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 5445 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 107 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 84 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -26%, DOM-37%, COMM- 3%, IRRI-33% & OTHERS-1% KERALA INSTALLED CAPACITY – 2617 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 2426 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 39 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 34 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -2%, DOM-76%, COMM- 16%, IRRI-6% TAMIL NADU INSTALLED CAPACITY – 7074 MW MAX DEMAND MET – 7228 MW DAILY CONSUMPTION MAX – 147 MU DAILY CONSUMPTION AVG – 126 MU CONSUMER PROFILE – INDS -33%, DOM-21%, COMM- 9%, IRRI-27% & OTHERS-10%

8. 8 GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW

9. 9 INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR STATESHYDROTHERMALNUCLEARDIESEL/GASWINDOTHERSTOTAL IN % AP35862993 2722 685321% KAR31111470 1285 471415% KER1808 235 20436% TN19963570 42319 600819% C.S 6990830360 818026% IPP22979402432245377407813% TOTAL1073015817830385127137731876 IN %34%50%3%12%1%

10. 10 SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW 31,876 MW HYDRO THERMAL WIND NUCLEAR OTHERS GAS TAMILNADU HAS ABOUT 800 MW OF WINDMILL POWER WHICH IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE INSTALLED CAPACITY. LIKEWISE MICRO AND CAPTIVE CAPACITIES ARE NOT INCLUDED

11. 11 AGENCY-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW 31,876 MW ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA TAMIL NADU CENTRAL SECTOR IPP KERALA

12. 12 TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR WINTER MONSOON SUMMER EVENING PEAK WEATHER RESERVOIRCONSUMPTION SCROLL DEMAND

13. 13 LOAD COMPOSITION IN SOUTHERN GRID Domestic Industry Commercial Irrigation Others

14. 14 LOAD 500-1200 MW LOAD 200-500 MW TYPICAL LOAD SPREAD IN SR

15. 15 SR GRID - HIGHLIGHTS WIDE SPREAD TRANSMISSION NETWORK HIGHEST CAPACITY HVDC LINK IN COUNTRY GENERATING UNITS OF VARIED TYPE & CAPACITYGENERATING UNITS OF VARIED TYPE & CAPACITY 32 Nos. of 400 KV SUB-STATIONS 17600 MVA TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY INTER-REGIONAL LINKS WITH ALL NEIGHBOURING REGIONSINTER-REGIONAL LINKS WITH ALL NEIGHBOURING REGIONS

16. 16 GRID OPERATION IN THE PAST LOW FREQUENCY PROBLEMS –FREQUENCY AT 48 HZ AND BELOW FOR MOST TIME LOW VOLTAGE OPERATION –VOLTAGE AT BANGALORE DIPPED TO AS LOW AS 300 Kv!!!! FREQUENT GRID DISTURBANCES –LOADS FREQUENTLY CUT OFF DUE TO RELAY OPERATION INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES –INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENTS INEFFICIENT UTILISATION OF RESOURCES FREQUENT DISTURBANCES CAUSED GENERATION LOST EVEN AT PIT HEAD STATIONS GRID OPERATION FOCUSSED ON FIRE-FIGHTING RATHER THAN OPTIMISATION AND ECONOMY

17. 17 GRID OPERATION PRESENT  STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY  IMPROVED VOLTAGES IMPROVED VOLTAGES  MERIT ORDER OPERATION MERIT ORDER OPERATION  INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES  IMPROVED GRID SECURITY IMPROVED GRID SECURITY

18. 18 LANDMARKS UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF TALCHER-KOLAR HVDC LINK OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE SPECIFIC ACTIONS BY SRLDC FINANCIAL DISCIPLINE SCHD DRWL

19. 19 EXPANSION GENERATION ADDITION & SYSTEM STRENGTHENINGGENERATION ADDITION & SYSTEM STRENGTHENING FUTURE PROJECTSFUTURE PROJECTS

20. 20 ISSUES OF IMPORTANCE HIGH VOLTAGE CONTROL DURING OFF-PEAK PERIODHIGH VOLTAGE CONTROL DURING OFF-PEAK PERIOD TALCHER-KOLAR SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMETALCHER-KOLAR SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEME LOAD-GENERATION BALANCE INTRA-STATE ABTINTRA-STATE ABT 3D FREQNTPCHYDRO

21. 21

22. 22 MONSOONS SOUTH WEST MONSOON NORTH EAST MONSOON

23. KHAMMAM VIJAYAWADA NAGARJUNASAGAR VISAKHAPATNAM (POWERGRID) HYDERABAD RAICHUR GOOTY HOODY SALEM UDUMALPET TRICHUR MADURAI TRICHY MADRAS NEYVELI CUDDAPAH DAVANAGERE KAIGA 115 317 RSTPP BHADRAVATI 130x2 164x2 182 151 181 173 302 308 172 277 279 155 178x2 PONDICHERY BANGALORE SIRSI MUNIRABAD P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P N KOLAR PALLOM KAYANKULAM EDAMON TALCHER JEYPORE 63 187 2x78 2x221 54 HOSUR KADRA KODASAALY Nagjhari 1 120 60 MAPS P SSLMM MMDP THIRUVANATHAPURAM ALMATHI NELLORE 400 KV LINE PRESENTLY OPERATED AT 220 KV NELAMANGALA KURNOOL GAZUWAKA(AP) SIMHADRI NTPC HIRIYUR 189 195 267x2 258 242 175 179 127 130x2 221x2 146x2 52x2 197x2 301x2 8x4 15x2 300 28 330 ABOUT 12000 CKM 400KV TRANSMISSION TALGUPPA GRID MAP TYPICAL FLOWS ARE FROM NORTH TO SOUTH GRID FOCAL POINT SHIFTED TO KOLAR AFTER COMMISSIONING OF HVDC QUANTUM CHANGES IN FLOW PATTERN LIKELY AFTER COMMISSIONING OF KOODANKULAM 2000 MW KOODANKULAM THIRNELVALI

24. 24 TRANSMISSION IN SOUTHERN INDIA ABOUT 2800 CKM OF 400 KV LINES ADDED IN THE PAST 2 YEARS VOLTAGE LEVELAPKARKERTNCGS TOTAL 400 KV20421614 846212118 220/230 KV1005075902650627036626926 132/110 KV123606060372010220 32360 TOTAL2445215264637016490882871404

25. 25 Kolar Chintamani Cudappah Hoody Hosur Salem Udumalpet Madras B’lore +/- 500 KV DC line 1370 KM Electrode Station Electrode Station TALCHER 400kv System 220kv system KOLAR TALCHER KOLAR SCHEMATIC

26. KOTHAGUDAM VIJAYAWADA NAGARJUNASAGAR RAICHUR RAMAGUNDAM P P P P P P 63 1 P NELLORE SIMHADRI SRI SAILAM RB & LB GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION NEYVELI TPS I (EXP) 1000MW 2600MW 1260MW 1220MW 816MW 1670MW UPPER SILERU LOWER SILERU 460MW 240MW RAYALASEEMA 420MW30MW 62.5MW VIJJESWARAM 272MW SPECTRUM 208MW JEGURUPADU 216MW BSES 220MW 355MW LANCO 1470MW SHARAVATHI 1035MW 240MW NAGJHERI 855MW KODASALLI 120MW KADRA 150MW KAIGA 440MW YELEHANKA 128MW VARA HI 230MW KAYAMKULAM 360MW BRAHMAPURAM 107MW LOWER PERIYAR 180MW SABRIGIRI 300MW IDDUKKI 780MW 420MW 1470MW 600MW NEYVELI NCTPS 630MWTHANIR BHAVI 220MW JINDAL 260MW ENNORE 450MW METTUR 840MW 360MW KUNDAH 585MW MAPS 390MW TUTICORIN 1050MW P P NALLUR 330MW ST CMS 250MW HYDRO THERMAL/GAS/DIESAL

27. 27 GENERATING UNITS AND CAPACITY UNIT CAPACITY APKARKERTNCGSTOTAL THERMAL(500 MW) 279 THERMAL (200-250 MW) 107131545 GAS/THER(100-150 MW) 9231024 HYDRO(>50 MW) 2727161585 TOTAL48361938163

28. KHAMMAM VIJAYAWADA NAGARJUNASAGAR GAZUWAKA HYDERABAD RAICHUR GOOTY HOODY SALEM UDUMALPET TRICHUR MADURAI TRICHY MADRAS NEYVELI CUDDAPAH DAVANAGERE RAMAGUNDAM BANGALORE MUNIRABAD P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P KOLAR 63 HOSUR 1 60 P NELLORE NELAMANGALA KURNOOL KALPAKKA SIMHADRI HIRIYUR TALAGUPPA MAMIDIPALLY SRI SAILAM -- OF NTPC -- OF ANDHRA PRADESH -- OF KARNATAKA -- OF NLC -- OF POWERGRID 400KV SUB-STATIONS IN SR NEYVELI TPS I (EXP) POWERGRIDSTATEOTHERSTOTAL AP 84214 KAR 45 9 KER 1 1 TN 6 28 TOTAL 199432

29. 29 ICT SUMMARY IN SOUTHERN INDIA VOLTAGE RATIOAPKARKERTNCGS TOTAL 400/230 or 400/220 KV 77252950 400/132 or 400/110 KV--- 325 TOTAL77283155

30. 30 POWERGRID SRLDC A.P KAR T.N KER MAH ORISSA RAMAGUNDAM NEYVELI MAPS GOA PONDICHERRY CHANDRAPUR JEYPORE GAZUWAKA KOLHAPUR BELGAUM U.SILERU L.SILERU BALIMELA BARSUR CSEB AMBEWADI INTER REGIONAL LINKS HVDC BI POLE HVDC B2B STATION CENTRAL GEN.STATION 220 kV LINE 400 kV LINE 110 kV HVDC LINE KOLAR TALCHAR KAIGA

31. Inter Regional Links Present IR Capacity = 9,000 MW 700 MW 1200MW 2000MW 900 MW 30,500 MW 16,000 32,700 MW 30,500 MW 2300 1850 MW 1650 MW

32. 32 13450 MW 1000 MW 6450 MW 4600 MW 1300 MW 3200 MW 30,000 MW OF INTER- REGIONAL POWER BY 2012 EASTERN REGION SOUTHERN REGION WESTERN REGION NORTHERN REGION NORTH- EASTERN REGION INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11 th PLAN (2012)

33. 33 STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY TYPICAL FREQUENCY CURVE SCATTER DIAGRAM HISTOGRAM OF FREQUENCY FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE Df/dT CURVE RECORD FVI OF 0.04

34. 34 FREQUENCY PROFILE 2002, 2003 & 2004

35. 35 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2004 2003 <49.0 49.0 & <49.5 49.5 & <50.5 50.5 & Above MaxMinAvgFVISt. Dev 2004 0.031.4698.280.2350.8248.6249.950.310.12 2003 0.178.3290.660.8550.8548.6049.810.950.18 2002 73.6212.4512.841.0951.0847.6948.6323.590.44 2002

36. 36 REALITY BITE: FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!. EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED! COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES

37. 37 WATER SUPPLY TO BANGALORE LOW VOLTAGE PROBLEMS AROUND BANGALORE HAMPERED WATER SUPPLY EARLIER WITH BETTER VOLTAGE NOW, PUMPING EFFICIENCY HAS IMPROVED 400 KV STATION AT MYSORE BEING COMMISSIONED ON WAR FOOTING TO FURTHER FORTIFY THIS PART OF THE GRID PUMPING LOSSES REDUCED ENORMOUS SAVINGS TO THE STATE MOTOR BURNING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS ALSO CAME DOWN DRASTICALLY

38. 38 ABOUT 7000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 100 Ps ABOUT14200 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 200 Ps ABOUT 16000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 300 Ps CUM. INS. CAP.

39. 39

40. 40 MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP POWER STATIONSTATE CAPACITY(MW) FUEL VARIABLE COST TATA DIESELKARNATAKA 79 DIESEL308 RAYALSEEMA DGPPKARNATAKA 27 DIESEL360 YELEHANKA DIESELKARNATAKA 128 DIESEL314 THANRBHAVIKARNATAKA 220 NAPTHA325 SUB-TOTAL 454 BRAHAMPURAM DPPKERALA 107 DIESEL275 BSESKERALA 157 NAPTHA308 KASARGODE PCLKERALA 22 NAPTHA298 KAYAMKULAMKERALA 360 NAPTHA322 SUB-TOTAL 646 BASIN BRIDGETAMIL NADU 120 NAPTHA584 P.P.NALLURTAMIL NADU 330 NAPTHA415 SUB-TOTAL 450 TOTAL 1550

41. 41

42. 42 (+) IMPORT / (-) EXPORT INTER REGIONAL UI (WR):- +357 MU – 211 MU INTER REGIONAL UI (ER):- +693 MU – 21 MU AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM WR IN PS/U –134 PS/U @WR –247 PS/U @SR AVG RATE OF EXPORT TO WR IN PS/U –163 PS/U @SR –287 PS/U @WR AVG RATE OF IMPORT FROM ER IN PS/U –145 PS/U @ ER –212 PS/U @ SR INTER – REGIONAL(01/01/03 TO 10/10/04)

43. 43 MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994 NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC SPS

44. 44 DEEP VALLEY SHARP PEAK

45. 45 KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION GENERATOR MODE PUMP SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED

46. 46 OPTIMAL RESERVOIR UTILISATION IDUKKI IN KERALA KERALA SAVED RS 50 CRORES BY EFFICIENT UTILISATION OF THE RESERVOIRS AT IDUKKI! POWERGRIDs 400 KV MADURAI- TRIVANDRUM LINE WILL HELP KERALA SAVE EVEN MORE ENERGY IN THE COMING YEAR PLANT OPERATORS AT IDUKKI THINK OF THE RESERVOIR LEVEL IN RUPEES RATHER THAN IN FEET!!! Rs.

47. 47 FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9 th SEPTEMBER 2004 FVI = 0.04 Avg Freq = 49.99Hz 10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2 FVI = ------------------------------- 24 * 60

48. 48 SPECIFIC ACTION BY RLDC  LOSS REDUCTION TAP CO-ORDINATION FILTER CO-ORDINATION REDUCED LINE OPENING HYDRO GENERATORS ON SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSOR MODE  REVIVAL OF DORMANT INTER-STATE LINES  100% DISBURSEMENT IN SETTLEMENT SYSTEM  FACILITATING IMPORTS OF LOW COST POWER FROM OTHER REGIONS  MERIT ORDER OPERATION

49. 49 TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME (STAGE-1) IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR POLE/BIPOLE, INSTANTANEOUS AND IMMEDIATE 500MW LOAD RELIEF IS OBTAINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS : -KARNATAKA: HOODY, KOLAR -TAMILNADU: SRIPERAMBADUR, HOSUR -ANDHRA PRADESH: CHINKAMPALLI Note: This scheme is already in vogue

50. 50 TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME (STAGE-2) IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR BIPOLE ADDITIONAL 1000MW LOAD RELIEF TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS : -KARNATAKA: SOMANAHALLI -TAMILNADU: MADURAI,THIRUVARUR,INGUR,KAIRAKUDDY -ANDHRA PRADESH: SOMAYAJULAPALLI, GOOTY, ANANTAPUR, KARNOOL -KERALA: TRICHUR NORTH, KOZHI-KODE

51. 51 GENERATION ADDITION & SYSTEM STRENGTHENING ( RECENT PAST ) GENERATION ADDITION 500MW TALCHER U # 5 ON COMMERCIAL OPERATION W.E.F 1 ST NOV 04 500MW U#7 AT NTPC, RAMAGUNDAM TEST SYNCHRONISED ON 26-SEP-04. SYSTEM STRENGTHENING 220KV INTER-STATE LINES OF AP – KAR IN PARALLEL –SEDAM – TANDUR FROM 18-AUG-04 –GOOTY – ALIPUR FROM 10-SEP-04 40% FIXED SERIES COMPENSATION COMMISSIONED AT –GOOTY OF GOOTY-HOODY LINE ON 19/OCT/04 FLOW INCREASED FROM 110MW TO 140MW. –CUDDAPAH OF N’SAGAR-CUDDAPAH D/C LINE ON 20-21/OCT/04 FLOW INCREASED FROM 270MW TO 355MW. 400KV RAMAGUNDAM – HYDERABAD III & IV ON COMMERCIAL OPERATION FROM 01-NOV-04.

52. 52 Components of inter-utility tariff (Pre – ABT Mechanism)  Fixed charges  Interest on loans  Depreciation  O & M charges  Return on equity  Interest on Working Capital  Energy charges (fuel cost)  Incentives  Surcharge & other levies  No charge for reactive energy

53. 53 Payment to Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries under Availability Based Tariff (ABT)  Capacity charges  Energy charges  Unscheduled Interchange (UI)

54. 54

55. 55 CAPACITY CHARGE Capacity charge will be related to ‘availability’ of the generating station and the percentage capacity allocated to the state. ‘Availability’ for this purpose means the readiness of the generating station to deliver ex-bus output expressed as a percentage of its rated ex-bus output capability.

56. 56 ENERGY CHARGE Energy charges shall be worked out on the basis of a paise per kwh rate on ex- bus energy scheduled to be sent out from the generating station as per the following formula Energy charges = Rate of energy charges (paise/kwh) x Scheduled Generation (ex-bus MWh)

57. 57 UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :  Variation in actual generation / drawal with respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall be accounted for through Unscheduled Interchange (UI).  UI for generating station shall be equal to its total actual generation minus its scheduled generation.  UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal.

58. 58 UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :  UI shall be worked out for each 15 minute time block.  Charges for all UI transactions shall be based on average frequency of the time block.  UI rates shall be frequency dependent and uniform throughout the country.

59. 59 UI RATE Rate of Unscheduled Drawal/Injection Frequency (Hz)Rate (p/u) Above 50.50 50.0150 49.8210 49.0 and below570

60. 60 AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF (A)CAPACITY CHARGE (B)ENERGY CHARGE (C)ADJUSTMENT FOR DEVIATIONS (U I CHARGE) (A) = a function of the Ex-Bus MW availability of Power Plant for the day declared before the day starts x SEB’s % allocation from the plant (B) = MWh for the day as per Ex-Bus drawal schedule for the SEB finalised before the day starts x Energy charge rate (C) = Σ (Actual energy interchange in a 15 minute time block – scheduled energy interchange for the time block) x UI rate for the time block TOTAL PAYMENT FOR THE DAY = (A) + (B) ± (C)

61. 61 FEATURES :  ( A) and (B) do not depend on actual plant generation / drawal. No metering required for this as they are based on off-line figures. All deviations taken care of by (C)  No complication regarding deemed generation.  Perpetual incentive for maximizing generation and reducing drawal during deficit, but no incentive to over generate during surplus.

62. 62 TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME (STAGE-1) IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR POLE/BIPOLE, INSTANTANEOUS AND IMMEDIATE 500MW LOAD RELIEF IS OBTAINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS : -KARNATAKA: HOODY, KOLAR -TAMILNADU: SRIPERAMBADUR, HOSUR -ANDHRA PRADESH: CHINKAMPALLI Note: This scheme is already in vogue

63. 63 HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLAR GOOTY HOODY SALEM TRICHUR MADURAI TRICHY SPBDR NLC II CUDDAPAH PONDICHERY SOMANHALLI KOLAR HOSUR NLC -1 EXP. KOZIKODE UDUMALPET NLC II EXP BAHOOR KURNOOL ANANTPUR KARAIKUDI THIRUVARUR INGUR SOMYAZULA PALLI TO TALCHER

64. 64 TALCHER-KOLAR INTER –TRIP SCHEME (STAGE-2) IN THE EVENT OF TRIPPING OF TALCHER-KOLAR BIPOLE ADDITIONAL 1000MW LOAD RELIEF TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE FOLLOWING SUBSTATIONS : -KARNATAKA: SOMANAHALLI -TAMILNADU: MADURAI,THIRUVARUR,INGUR,KAIRAKUDDY -ANDHRA PRADESH: SOMAYAJULAPALLI, GOOTY, ANANTAPUR, KARNOOL -KERALA: TRICHUR NORTH, KOZHI-KODE NOTE : NECESSARY WIDE BAND AND PLCC COMMUNICATION LINKS AND OTHER LOGISTICS TO BE PROVIDED AND IMPLEMENTED BY POWERGRID AND RESPECTIVE STATES

65. 65 APKARKERTNPONDY Total UI exported(-) / Imported(+) in MUs -318727089941018-32 Total amount paid in Crores Rs. -616481170242-2 Average rate of UI in paise/unit 19317817123874 SUMMARY OF UI – 93 WKS (FROM 01/JAN/03 TO 10/OCT/04)

66. 66 UI IN SR (FROM 01/01/03 TO 10/10/04) TOTAL UI TURNOVER :- 5551 MU TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 1065 CR AVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 60 MU AVG WEEKLY UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 11.45 CR

67. 67 PAYMENT STATUS IN REGARD TO UI UPTO 93 WKS ( TILL 10/10/04) 1.NET ENERGY TRANSACTION IS 146 MU (IMPORT BY SR). 2.AMOUNT ACCRUED IN SREB – IRE DUE TO DIFF. IN WR A/C = 41.83Crs 3.AMOUNT TO BE ACCRUED IN WREB – IRE DUE TO DIFF. IN SR A/C = 27.71Crs 4.AMOUNT DUE TO SR CONSTITUENTS ON 50:50 BASIS = 34.73Crs 5.AMOUNT ALREADY DISBURSED TO SR CONSTITUENTS = 33.39Crs FOR INTER-REGIONAL TRANSACTIONS FOR INTRA-REGIONAL TRANSACTIONS THE UI SETTLEMENT WITHIN THE REGION IS UP-TO-DATE

68. 68

69. 69 G1 G2 SERC SLDC SEB/STU State Govt. RLDC REB CTU CERC Central Govt. CEA ISTS ISGS Load L1L2 Intra State System IEGC to Operate on the periphery X=- GLG

70. 70 COORDINATES/ RLDC REGIONAL GRID IPP STATE GENR. SHARE CENTRAL

71. 71 HOW DID THE LOSSES GET REDUCED IN THE SOUTHERN REGION? VOLTAGE IMPROVEMENT IS THE MAIN REASON POWER = VOLTAGE X CURRENT LOSS ≈ CURRENT 2 FOR EXAMPLE –440 W = 220 VOLTS X 2 AMPS –LOSS ≈ 4 WATTS –440 W = 160 VOLTS X 2.75 AMPS ( AT REDUCED VOLTAGE) –LOSS ≈ 7.6 WATTS ( NEARLY DOUBLE!)

72. 72 PROJECTS IN PROGRESS IN SOUTHERN REGION 400 KV MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM LINE WITH 400 KV SS AT TRIVANDRUM 400 KV NELAMANGALA-MYSORE LINE WITH 400 KV SUBSTATION AT MYSORE 400 KV KAIGA-NARENDRA LINE ALONG WITH 400 KV SUB STATION AT NARENDRA 400 KV HYDERABAD-KURNOOL-GOOTY LINE 400 KV 2 nd GOOTY-BANGALORE LINE 400 KV RAICHUR-GOOTY D/C QUAD LINE 400 KV RING MAIN AROUND BANGALORE 400 KV RING MAIN AROUND CHENNAI

73. 73 PROJECTS IN SOUTHERN REGION 400 KV RAMAGUNDAM – HYDERABAD-GOOTY- NELAMANGALA LINE: RS 390 CRORES ADDITIONAL 500 MW HVDC POLE AT GAZUWAKA: WORTH Rs 770 CRORES ENHANCEMENT OF CAPACITY OF TALCHER POLES BY 500MW (FROM 2000 MW TO 2500 MW FOR UTILISATION DURING EMERGENCY ONLY): Rs 90 CRORES SYSTEM AUGMENTATION SCHEMES : Rs 415 CRORES KOODANKULAM NUCLEAR PLANT EVACUATION SCHEME – 2000 MW CAPACITY- WORTH ABOUT Rs 1700 CRORES ANOTHER HVDC LINK TO SR FROM ER/WR SYSTEM EXPANSION SCHEMES WORTH Rs 1233 CRORES

74. 74 THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996

75. 75 THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996 CONDITIONS Line NameFrequency Below (Hz) POWER FLOW(MW) Time delay (second) Type of Relay CUDAPPA-MADRAS47.80.5UF SALEM- BANGALORE 47.81UF CUDAPPA-MADRAS48.0100 MW towards CUDAPPA 0.5RPUF SALEM- BANGALORE 48.0300 MW towards BANGALORE 1RPUF

76. 76 GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK BLACK-OUT VOLTAGE COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC OPERATION INSTABILITY POWER SWINGS INCREASED LOSSES

77. 77 SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMES DEFINITION PROTECTION SCHEME DESIGNED TO DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM CONDITIONS AND TAKE DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM CONDITIONS AND TAKE PREDETERMINED CORRECTIVE ACTION (Other than isolation of faulty element) (Other than isolation of faulty element)TO PRESERVE SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

78. 78 WHY SPS? OPERATIONAL REASONS OUTAGE OF HIGH CAPACITY GENERATING UNITS,HVDC INTERCONNECTION OF LARGE TRANSFER CAPABILITY OUTAGE OF HIGH CAPACITY GENERATING UNITS,HVDC INTERCONNECTION OF LARGE TRANSFER CAPABILITY WIDE SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN LOADING PATTERN WIDE SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN LOADING PATTERN STAGGERING AND ROSTERING OF LOADS STAGGERING AND ROSTERING OF LOADS SUDDEN IMPACT ON LARGE GRIDS DUE TO SYATEM DYANAMICS AND SWINGS. SUDDEN IMPACT ON LARGE GRIDS DUE TO SYATEM DYANAMICS AND SWINGS.

79. 79 WHY SPS? COMMERCIAL REASONS SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON RELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TO SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON RELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TO DRIVEN BY COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS DRIVEN BY COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE VOLUME OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE VOLUME INCREASE IN COMPETITION INCREASE IN COMPETITION MERIT ORDER OPERATION MERIT ORDER OPERATION

80. 80 WHY SPS? PLANNING ISSUES ECONOMY OF SCALE ECONOMY OF SCALE THE SYSTEM PLANNERS TEND TO UTILIZE THE EXISTING NETWORK THE SYSTEM PLANNERS TEND TO UTILIZE THE EXISTING NETWORK DELAYS IN NETWORK EXPANSION DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DELAYS IN NETWORK EXPANSION DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS SEASONAL OVER LOADS SEASONAL OVER LOADS LINES AND GENERATORS NOT COMING IN TANDEM LINES AND GENERATORS NOT COMING IN TANDEM

81. 81 WHY SPS? Mission of power system engineers is to provide Stable Secured and Reliable power supply at least possible cost to the end consumer. SPS is an important tool in achieving this Mission of power system engineers is to provide Stable Secured and Reliable power supply at least possible cost to the end consumer. SPS is an important tool in achieving this For System Planner It reduce the compromise between cost and quality For System Planner It reduce the compromise between cost and quality For operational planner It enables to manage severe contingencies like tripping of generators multiple outage of transmission lines etc For operational planner It enables to manage severe contingencies like tripping of generators multiple outage of transmission lines etc

82. 82 POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROLEMS UNIT FAILURE INSUFFICIENT GENERATION TRANSFORMER/ LINE FAILURE LOSS OF LOAD REDUCED NETWORK REDUNDANCY LINE OVERLOAD OR UNSATISFACTORY BUS VOLTAGE BUS ISOLATED LOSS OF GENERATION ISLANDING SYSTEM COLLAPS E

83. 83 RESTORATIVE NORMAL A L E R T EMERGENCY DISTURBANCE

84. 84 RESTORATIVE NORMAL A L E R T EMERGENCY DISTURBANCE

85. 85 INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE WITH SPS INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE WITH SPS REPORTED SCHEMES111 REPORTED SCHEMES111 FIRST SPS INSTALLEDIN 1930 FIRST SPS INSTALLEDIN 1930 SCHEMES REPORTED BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS SCHEMES REPORTED BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GEOGRAPHICALREGION % OF SCHEMES GEOGRAPHICALREGION USA20.7%EUROPE16.2% JAPAN20.7%AUSTRALIA9% CANADA19.8%OTHERS13.6% SURVEY IS ONLY INDICATIVE

86. 86 HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLAR GOOTY HOODY SALEM TRICHUR MADURAI TRICHY SPBDR NLC II CUDDAPAH PONDICHERY SOMANHALLI KOLAR HOSUR NLC -1 EXP. UDUMALPET BAHOOR KURNOOL SOMYAZULA PALLI TO TALCHER

87. 87 HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLAR MODE OF OPERATION POWER LEVEL FOR GENERATING INTERTRIP SIGNAL MONO POLAR >400 MW AND THE POLE TRIPS BI-POLAR IF BOTH POLE ARE CARRYING > 800 MW EACH AND ONE POLE TRIPS IF EACH POLE IS CARRYING POWER IN THE RANGE OF 400 TO 800 MW AND ONE POLE TRIPS AND AFTER THE DELAY OF 2 SECS THE POWER ON SURVIVING POLE IS LESS THAN 600MW IF POWER FLOW ON EACH POLE > 200 MW AND BOTH POLES TRIP WITH IN 2 SECS

88. 88 KAIGA EVACUATION PROBLEM SPS BASED SOLUTION KAIGA 440 MW SIRSI KADRA 150 MW KODASHALLI 120 MW GUTTUR NAGJHERI 855 MW HUBLI 400 KV LINE OPERATED AT 220 KV PROBLEM OF OVERLOADING WHEN HIGH GENERATION AT KALI COMPLEX THESE LINES ARE TRIPPED IF >600 AMPS FOR 1SEC OR > 900 AMPS FOR 300 MSEC,

89. 89 PROPOSED SPS AT RAICHUR RAICHUR N ’ SAGAR MUNIRABAD DAVANGERE HIRIYUR NELAMANGALA HOODY GOOTY CUDDAPAH KOLAR HVDC LINES FROM ER SOMANAHALLY TRIPPING OF THESE LINES INCREASES THE FLOW ON RAICHUR-N ’ SAGAR LINE LOAD CENTRE PROPOSED SPS BASED SOLUTION RTPS UNITS TO BACK- DOWN BASED ON FLOW ON RAICHUR-N ’ SAGAR LINE

90. 90 ULDC PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS MOU signed with each constituent of SR MOU signed with each constituent of SR Last quarter 1992 Last quarter 1992 CEA Clearance – Feb 1993 CEA Clearance – Feb 1993 PIB Clearance – March 1993 PIB Clearance – March 1993 Environmental clearance – May 1993 Environmental clearance – May 1993 Engaged M/s KEMA-ECC, USA, an Internationally reputed Consultants towards consultancy services Engaged M/s KEMA-ECC, USA, an Internationally reputed Consultants towards consultancy services CCEA – February 1995 CCEA – February 1995 AWARDED IN JAN 1998 AWARDED IN JAN 1998 COMPLETED ON SCHEDULE :- JAN 2002 COMPLETED ON SCHEDULE :- JAN 2002

91. 91 Packages under ULDC scheme Sl No: PackageContractor Contract Value 1 EMS/SCADA System GE Harris, USA Rs. 148 Crores 2 Fibre Optic System PIRELLI, Italy Rs.100 Crores 3 Microwave System ALSTOM, France Rs. 63 Crores 4PLCC/PABX Puncom, Punjab Rs. 4 Crores 5 Auxiliary Power supply package TATA LIEBERT, Mumbai Rs.6 Crores 6 Control Centre Facilities renovation/construction Awarded separately by each Constituent

92. 92 RLDC,Bangalore KalamasseryHyderabad Bangalore Chennai Cuddapah Warangal Vijayawada Kalam’erry Kannur Trivandrum Chennai Erode Madurai Bangalore Lingusugur Hubli CPCC SCC, Pondy Hyderabad Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region Andhra KeralaTamilnaduKarnataka

93. 93 EMS/SCADA Package … Contd Sl No: Constituent RTUs supplied RTUs supplied Existing RTUs integrated Control Centres 1.0APTRANSCO 91 91- 4 2.0TNEB 40 4035 3 3.0KPTCL 22 2221 3 4.0KSEB 30 30- 3 5.0 UT of Pondy 59 1 6.0 Central Sector 27- 1 Total2156515 RTUs Grand Total : 280 RTUs Grand Total : 280

94. 94 Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Kerala Tamilnadu UT of Pondy Vijayawada Warangal HYDERABAD Ghanapur Chinkampalli CHENNAI Pondy Madurai Kannur-B KALAMASSERY Vydyuthi Bhavanam Erode MW Link FO Link State owneed Link Sub-LDC SLDC RCLDC Hubli Davangeree Bangalore Information Flow to Control Centres Satellite Ramagundam

95. 95 Communication Channel for Information flow Sub-LDC SLDC RLDC SLDC Sub-LDC RTU Wide Band / PLCC Commn Wide Band Commn Wide Band Commn (MW / FO) RTU

96. 96 ULDC TRAINING SLNAME OF THE TRAININGFROMTO ParticipantsMan days 1 CISCO ROUTER & NETWORKING 19-01-200424-01-200417102 2XA-21 USER LEVEL23-02-200428-02-20041060 3RTNA WORKSHOP29-03-200431-03-20041442 4AIX OPERATING SYSTEM17-05-200422-05-20041590 5XA-21 USER LEVEL21-06-200425-06-2004630 6DATABASE ADMINISTATION22-11-0404-12-0419228

97. 97 Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer ≈10,000MU Transformation Capacity ≈ 45000 MVA Transformers (220kV and above) 480 nos. Installed Capacity ≈31870 MW Integrated Opn of Ten Power Utilities Dynamic Grid Conditions Southern Region Grid Complexities in Monitoring & Control Generators –Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP 422 nos. Transmission Network 400/220kV ≈ 37500 Ckm 40,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position, Isolator Position etc.

98. 98 B ouquet of B enefits Integrated System Operation with improved system visibility Enhanced Operation Efficiency Quality Power - Frequency and Voltage Control Merit Order and Economic Load Dispatch Fewer System Collapses & Faster Restoration First Step towards Sub-station Automation Adaptability to the ever growing Power System

99. 99 HVDC STATION KOLAR (KARNATAKA ) TALCHER ORISSA ) TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINE LENGTH:1400 KMS

100. 100 TALCHER KOLAR LINK ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN THE WORLD ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN THE WORLD DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO UTILISE NON-PEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN REGION COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO UTILISE NON-PEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN REGION COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE THE PROJECT HAS USED APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES THE PROJECT HAS USED APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES

101. 101 TALCHER KOLAR HVDC LINK BENEFITS TO SOUTHERN REGION SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR THE REGION. SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE VOLTAGE PROFILE FOR THE REGION. TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – INCREASED TRANSFER MARGIN. TRUNK LINE LOADINGS EASED – INCREASED TRANSFER MARGIN. MAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MW MAX IMPORT FROM ER 1600 MW MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET. MORE DEMAND IS BEING MET. DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING CONSERVED. DEPLETED HYDRO RESERVES IS BEING CONSERVED. AVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWN AVERAGE COST OF POWER IS BROUGHT DOWN SURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISED SURPLUS IN ER EFFECTIVELY UTILISED PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER STATIONS IN EASTERN REGION PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF POWER STATIONS IN EASTERN REGION INCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONS INCREASED STOA TRANSACTIONS

102. 102 TALCHER-KOLAR IMPORT OF 12728MUs FROM ER THROUGH TALCHER-KOLAR UPTO OCT-04 YEAR ---> 200220032004 MONTHS TOTAL ENERGY (IN MU) MAX FLOW (IN MW) TOTAL ENERGY (IN MU) MAX FLOW (IN MW) TOTAL ENERGY (IN MU) MAX FLOW (IN MW) JAN------3118508051528 FEB------27310107011508 MAR------49113168371600 APR------47311839231500 MAY------17210266521385 JUN------2779946881416 JUL------31910757591490 AUG------34610886281341 SEP620051215337421552 OCT58500508 1458 1458 8291550 NOV77500470 1048 1048 DEC241750 630 630 1383 1383 TOTAL382 4782 7564 MAX 750 1533 1600

103. 103

104. 104

105. 105 RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISON LEVEL IN MTS LEVEL31-Oct-03LEVEL31-Oct-04 JALAPUT 838.06837.03 LINGANMAKKI 546.77549.86 SUPA 536.94542.60 IDUKKI 716.18724.33 KAKKI 968.28972.80 NILGIRIS TOTAL ENERGY31-Oct-03ENERGY31-Oct-04 RISE IN MU % RISE 527475 - 52 -10 2444304259824 1178194576765 978150752954 50762311623 5381465927172 61729057288547 Only 8000MUs Reserve till next monsoon (7 Months) 38 MUs/day could be generated as against about 60 MUs/day at present.