1. The End of WWII
Chapter 17, Section 5

2. Main Idea:
What issues arose in the aftermath of WWII and how did new tensions develop?

3. The War’s Aftermath…
Which country suffered the most casualties? _________________
How many casualties were there in that country? _________________
How many military casualties did the U.S. have? _________________
How many civilian casualties did the U.S. have?

5. Give me 10 years and you will not be able to recognize Germany!
1933…
Give me 10 years and you will not be able to recognize Germany!

6. Nuremberg, 1945…

7. Horrors of the Holocaust: The Nuremberg Trials
“Crimes against humanity”
200 Austrians and Germans tried (later, Japan)
Most found guilty: death or prison
First time political/military leaders could be held accountable

8. Nuremberg video

9. Why had ordinary people in Germany, Poland, France, and elsewhere accepted—and even collaborated in– Hitler’s “Final Solution”?

10. Our new mission: Strengthen democracy to ensure tolerance and peace.
Allies helped build new democracies in Germany and Japan.

11. Establishing the U.N.
April 1945: delegates from 50 nations convened in San Francisco
General Assembly: each nation has one vote
Security Council: U.S., Russia, Britain, France, China (each has the right to veto any decision)

12. What powers do they have?
Economic sanctions
Send peace-keeping military force
Prevent outbreak of disease
Improve education
Protect refugees
WHO, FAO, etc.

13. Alliance Breaks Apart…
During WWII, USSR and US cooperated to defeat Nazi Germany
After the war, conflicting ideologies and mutual distrust led to Cold War

14. The Cold War:
A state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with US on one side and the USSR on the other, without armed conflict between the major rivals

15. Stalin’s Goals in Eastern Europe:
Spread communism
Create buffer zone of friendly governments as protection against Germany
By 1948, pro-Soviet communist gov’ts were in place throughout Eastern Europe

16. The Truman Doctrine Britain could no longer aid Greece and Turkey
Truman said U.S. must step in
Congress approved $400 million
Set precedent for U.S. involvement in world affairs (to keep democracy safe)

18. The Marshall Plan AKA: The ERP (European Recovery Plan)
$13 billion to rebuild war-torn Europe
Offered also to USSR but they turned it down

23. Germany Stays Divided

24. The Berlin Airlift June 27, 1948 – May 12th 1949

25. NATO v. WARSAW PACT

26. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
United States, Canada, Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Italy, Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg

27. The next 50 years or so would be a standoff between the world’s two superpowers: The United States (NATO) and the Soviet Union (Warsaw Pact)