1. Poland (Walesa) Isa Rodriguez and Amanda Goodwin

2. Origin and development of groups opposing colonialism Solidarity Trade Union o Striking workers were jailed o Group of intellectuals made the Workers' Defense Committee (KOR) o September 22, 1980 Solidarity was formally founded

3. Key leaders in the independence movement Lech Walesa o First Polish president o Walesa organized 3 non-communist trade unions o Took part in strikes and protests along the Polish coasts Tadeusz Mazowiecki o Principal advisor to the strikers and helped organize intellectuals o Mediated for talks between the government and the Solidarity o Prime Minister of a Coalition government with Solidarity and communist members

4. Methods Used Published the Charter of Workers' Rights Rising food prices caused a greater number of striking in Gdansk Solidarity Trade Union by 1981 represented most of the workforce in Poland Solidarity expanded into appeals for economic reforms, free elections, and involvement of trade unions in decision making at the highest levels Government made it illegal and shut it down causing the movement to go underground

5. Methods cont. 1989 government permitted the movement due to strikes Allowed to have free elections o Solidarity wins the majority elections o Yay end of communism!

6. Connections between independence movement and Cold War Rivalry Reagan played hardball with all communist institutions o Supported any independence movements to break free from communism o Wanted annihilate all communist ties

7. Post Conflict Political Organization Semi-free parliamentary election system Democratic State o People's Republic of Poland

8. Difficulties faced by emerging government The restructuring and economic woes caused unemployment to be 20% Solidarity declined when Walesa ran for and won the presidency

9. SPERMI Impacts of Independence Social: Polish citizens were given more freedoms Political: The power of the government switches hands away from the communist Economic: Free-market economy not completely controlled by the government Religious: Little religious effects, catholic church involved in decision-making Military: Communist army leaves Ideological: The Solidarity party ideals begin to spread to other areas

10. Long Term Impact of Independence Movement 1990 Walesa elected president of Poland. Market reforms are launched 1992 Soviet troops start to leave Poland 1993 Reformed Communists enter coalition government. 1997 Polish parliament adopts a new constitution. General election is won by the Solidarity grouping. In the end, Poland breaks free from communist ties

11. www.historyguide.org www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/553374/Solidarit y www.local-life.com news.bbc.co.uk