1. Unit 1 Chapters 1-4 Beginnings of Civilization 4 Million B.C.  200 B.C.

2. Objectives Ancient vocabulary Agriculture Development of Civilization –Elements of Civilization Egypt—Middle East—Persia Ancient India Ancient China

3. Pre-history Before written records Fossil records –Animal remains Artifacts –Man-made objects Carbon-14 dating –Extremely accurate method of determining age of something once living 1

4. Neanderthals Large brains Shorter Skulls shaped differently Died out 35,000 years ago

5. Cro-Magnon Could pass for modern human If seen in Rolla, wouldn’t look too different from anyone else

6. Prehistoric period—Stone Age Old Stone Age Paleolithic New Stone Age Neolithic

7. Paleolithic Era

8. Nomads –Wanderers—no permanent settlements Fire Tools –Survival easier –Man had time to THINK! Language –Basic communication (Dad, can I have the car keys?) Religion –Belief in life after death Art –Cave paintings

11. Ice Ages 20,000 years ago Polar ice caps grew, taking water from oceans forming land bridges (Bering) Animals died Humans adapted –Fire, better shelters, heavy clothing, new foods –Video: “Caveman”

12. Neolithic Era

13. Agriculture Nomadic hunting unreliable Middle East Advantages –Steady source of food –Easier to store (meat rotted, grain didn’t) –Safer  the corn wouldn’t attack you

14. Development of Agriculture Causes & Effects

16. Bronze Age Copper –first metal worked into tools –Too soft Bronze –Copper with tin –Weapons/tools with sharper cutting edge –Demand  greater trade

17. Achievements of the Neolithic Era Food supply more reliable Population increased Trade expanded Settlements grew larger  cities

18. Beginnings of Civilization Mesopotamia –Tigris & Euphrates Rivers Egypt –Nile River India –Indus River China –Yellow River (Huang)

19. Elements of Civilization

20. Organized Government Makes & enforces laws to keep order, defense against enemies Exercises authority over an organized state, judges Plans, organizes, & directs large projects Standardizes money system Collects taxes

21. Organized Religion Formalizes religious belief & offers guidance in questions of life, death, spirit Selects clergy Establish rituals & symbols, shrines & sacred places Keep gods happy to ensure survival THEOCRACIES: the ruler is seen as a god or a representative of the gods; laws are the god’s commandments (can’t be argued against)

22. Division of Labor Provides goods & services Enables people to develop specialized skills Trade & new technology Promotes system of social classes

23. Class Structure Defines a person’s place in society Reflects the distribution of wealth

24. System of Writing Provides a way to keep accurate records Serves as a way to pass on knowledge –including HISTORY