1. Development of: Daoism, inspired by Laozi. Confucianism, inspired by Confucius. Buddhism, from India, was absorbed by the Chinese culture during the “Classical Period.”

2. The funerary complex constructed for Qin Shihuangdi reflects a belief that the living and the dead formed a single community existing in parallel societies. 7,000 life-sized terra-cotta soldiers. His wives that ____ were sacrificed in his tomb.

3. Qin: Burned books. Scholars were buried alive.

4. Han: Developed paper making ca. 105 C.E.

5. Qin: Standardized writing system, to what is used today.

6. Developed cast iron. This led to the development of _______________.

7. Created the crossbow. Advantages of the crossbow over European bows were; ______ & _______. First weapon to have _______.

8. Iron smelting progressed with the use of human powered bellows. Han:

9. Zhang Heng, invented seismograph (earth-quake-observation instrument) in 132 C.E.

10. Qin: Examples of the centralization of the Chinese state under Qin Shihuangdi, where to consolidate China with 5,000 miles of roads, and standardized coinage, weights and measures.

11. Gave peasants the right to own land.

12. Designed first iron plow. Created the yoke.

13. Zhuge Liang, created single- wheeled cart (wheelbarrow) in 231 C.E.

14. Improved ship designs: Stronger hull Aft sails Stern- mounted rudder

15. Han: Traded along the Silk Road. A trading network, connected Asia, Europe, and Africa.

16. Trade Items: Han; silk & jade. Rome; glass. India; cotton textiles. East Africa; Ivory. Arabia; incense, spices, and tortoise shells.

17. Created wealthy merchant class, along the route. The Yuezhi, nomadic peoples in Central Asia, created the Kushan Empire based on Silk Road trade.

18. Affects of the Silk Road: 1. More people in non-food production. 2. Spread of technology and religion (Buddhism). 3. Spread of disease (measles, smallpox and the bubonic plague).

19. Social Stratification

20. After emperor, the Dowager (wife of emperor) was most powerful. Issue edicts Pardon Appoint new emperor if no heir.

21. First class: 1.Nobles, relatives to emperor. Ruled over semi- autonomous fiefs.

22. 2. Palace officials (eunuchs). 3. Scholars.

23. Second Class: Farmers and peasants. Not allowed to wear fancy clothing or ride horses.

24. Third Class: Artisans and craftsmen. Below farmers; but, allowed to wear fancy clothing and ride horses. Could become officials.

25. Fourth Class: 1.Merchants Wore white as an indicator of their lowly status. 2. Slaves; Privately owned or state-owned. 1% of population.

26. Family Structure: Patrilineal. Arranged marriages. Wife joined the husband’s clan. Sons valued over daughters. Confucianism required females to be passively to males.

27. That concludes Ancient China. Any questions before the quiz on the next slide?