1. Principles of Statistics Descriptive Statistics

2. Frequency Table (Distribution) Scenario 1: The President of the university called the registrar and asked for the number of students in each faculty classified by admission year and sex. How the registrar will prepare the required information? Scenario 2: The dean of the faculty of science asked the chair of the Mathematics department to submit a list of the names of the top 5% of the graduates of the year 2010. How this can be done?

3. Frequency Table of Discrete Data To construct a frequency table of a given discrete data set apply the following steps: 1.Find the different categories of the data 2. Partition the data set by categories 3. Find the frequency of each category 4. Give a title to the table

4. Example 1.5.1: Consider the following data: A, B, AB, A, B, O, A,B, A,B, AB, AB, O,A, B, AB, A, O, B, B, A, A, A, O Solution: Note that the different observations in this data are A, B, AB, and O. Hence the required table is Distribution of Blood Type ClassFrequency A9 B7 AB4 O4 Sum24

5. Frequency Table of Continuous Data Example 1.5.4: Consider the following data 34, 56, 45, 34, 23, 12, 23, 34, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 90, 45, 56, 65, 78, 87, 98, 89, 23, 12, 21, 32, 35, 48 ClassFrequency 12-337 34-558 56-775 78-997 Sum27

6. Computations of the Previous Measures ClassMid(mi)fm.f(m^2). F 8-98.5217144.5 9-109.5438361 10-1110.5101051102.5 11-1211.5557.5661.25 12-1312.5337.5468.75 13-1413.5113.5182.25 268.52920.25 Midpoint=(lower+upper)/2, f=frequency

8. Coding: U=(x-10.5)/1fu. f(u^2). f -22-48 -14-44 01000 1555 23612 3139 25638 mean of U=6/25=0.24, variance of U=(38/25)-(0.24)^2=1.46

9. Percentiles: Upper Class LimitCumulative Frequency 9.52 10.56 11.516 12.521 13.524 14.525 (1) Median: Rank=(25)(0.5)=12.5 Smallest change in freq.=6.5, Largest change=10 Median=10.5+(6.5/10)(1)=11.15 (1=length of the class)

10. (2) First Quartile -  Rank=25(0.25)=6.25 Smallest change in freq.=0.25, Largest change=10 Q1=10.5+(0.25/10)*(1)=10.525. (3) 70 th Percentile - - - > Rank=25(0.7)=17.5 Smallest change=1.5, Largest change=5 70 th Perc.=11.5+(1.5/5)(1)=11.8

11. Two Problems: 1.The mean of 5 numbers is 4 and Std. is 2. Two numbers were 2, 2 are changed into 3, 4. Find the mean and Std. of the new set. Old mean =4 =(sum of 3 numbers+4)/5 - - -> sum of 3 numbers=16 New mean=(16+7)/5=23/5=4.6 Old var. =4=(sum of squares+8-(5*16))/4 - - - > sum of squares=88 New var. =(88+9+16-(5)(4.6^2))/4=(113-105.8)/4=7.2/4=1.8 New Std. =1.34

12. 2. A list contains 9 numbers having mean 6 and Std. 5. If the number 16 is added to the list, find the mean and std. of the new list. Sum of the data = 54. New mean=(54+16)/10=7 Old var. =25=(sum of squares-(9*36))/8=(sum of squares-324)/8 - - -> sum of squares=524. New var. =(524+256-(10)(49))/9=(780-490)/9=290/9=32.22 New Std. =5.68