1. Converging Identities, Diverging Interests

2. Converging Identities, Diverging Interests, 1680s-1740s I. Trade & Commerce II. Politics III. Culture IV. Immigration V. Slavery VI. Conclusions

3. Trade and Commerce I. Mercantilism A. Regulations 1. English language/crews 2. Trade through England; taxed 3. Subsidies to protect British products II. Cash crops A. Rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, cotton III. Manufactured imports A. Sold back to colonies

4. Politics I. Glorious Revolution, 1680s A. Liberal monarchy B. “Salutary Neglect” II. Representation A. Virtual vs. Actual B. Colonial governors III. “Contentment” thru 1740s

5. Colonial Culture I. Want unique culture A. Colonial identity II. Similar to BR III. Feel inferior

6. Age of Enlightenment I. Science & philosophy A. Rxn to Christian fundamentalism B. Natural laws C. Rationality & reason D. Improve mankind E. John Locke &  Isaac Newton F. Impact on Politics

7. Religious Change N.E.: Puritan, but more politically liberal South: Weak Anglican Church Middle: Most diverse

8. First “Great Awakening” 1720’s-1760s I. Religious revivalism A. Reaction to Christian fundamentalism & Puritanism B. “Populist/Frontier” tendencies C. Diversity D. Caused many churches to split up

9. Revivalism and George Whitefield I. Whitefield A. Tent gatherings B. Mass conversions II. “New Lights” A. Converts B. Anti-authoritarian III. Democratic

10. Immigration 1700: 290,000 colonists 1750: 1.5 million High birth, low mortality Death rate 20% lower than BR Land, crops, trading No large famines

12. Scots-Irish I. Scotland/Ireland II. Indentured servants A. Convicts/dissenters III. Push-pull factors IV. Community culture A. Carolinas

13. Germans I. Push-pull A. Land loss B. Pennsylvania II. Convicts & dissenters

14. Benjamin Franklin “Why should the Palatinate Boors be suffered to swarm into our settlements, and by herding together establish their languages and manners to the exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them, and will never adopt our customs, any more than they can acquire our complexion ? (Palatine=Southern Germany)

15. Immigration by 1760 Faster in South Squatting in the “backcountry” Chain migration Regional differences Native lands

16. Colonial Slavery A. Labor cost B. Native Resistance & Disease C. Access to land D. Race and slavery E. Investment F. Plantations

17. Africa and the Slave Trade

18. New Captives

19. The Middle Passage African traders Barracoons 6-8 week trip Up to 25% died 60% from “gold coast” 5% to colonies

21. Slavery in Colonies British West Indies, Caribbean South Carolina Profited all colonies Slave codes

22. Early Resistance Stono Rebellion, 1739 South Carolina Angola Dozens killed Increased fear and oppression

23. Conclusions Reactions to religious fundamentalism Immigration & generations of colonists “Salutary Neglect” Colonial identity Growth of slavery Native communities Enlightenment