1. INTERACTION DESIGN

2. Today’s objectives Understanding & conceptualizing interaction Control Design Challenge

3. Four basic activities in Interaction Design 1. Establishing requirements 2. Designing alternatives 3. Prototyping 4. Evaluating

4. User-Centered Design Process 1.Identifying needs (the problem space) 2.Establish requirements 3.Develop alternative designs to meet needs 4.Build prototypes that can be communicated and assessed 5.Evaluate what is being built throughout the process and the user experience it offers

5. Conceptualizing design space describe what system will do for users. outline what people can do with product what concepts are needed to understand how to interact with it. Conceptualize the design space using a conceptual model

6. Lots of data When trying to understanding the problem (problem space) and conceptualizing the design space, you collect lots of information. Notes. Pictures. Audio and video recordings. Impressions. Observations. Can be overwhelming and confusing. Must be turned into something that designers, product team, and stakeholders-can understand and use. Source: Shaffer, D. (2010). Designing for Interaction, pp114-126.

7. 40% of our users own android 43% of our users own iphone 60% want multi-modal interface control Failure rate on existing control is 45% Process flow breaks down at point X Turned data into something that designers, product team, and stakeholders-can understand and use.

8. Source: Shaffer, D. (2010). Designing for Interaction, pp114-126. Make the Data Visual & Physical Usually, research data will be fragmented and exist in any number of places. Make them visual and physical. Source: http://www.dh.umu.se/research/how-we-work.aspx

9. Manipulating the Data Once data are visual and physical, manipulating them: Clustering similar pieces of data Combining/collapsing redundant pieces of data Juxtaposing related pieces of data Naming data clusters Juxtaposing unrelated pieces of data XYZ ABC JKL CDE

10. Manipulating the Data When manipulating the data, you are mainly looking for patterns. 80% of user paths 10% of user paths

11. Organizing data Some standard ways of organizing data: Alphabetical Numerical Chronological By frequency By subject 80% of user paths 10% of user paths Source: Shaffer, D. (2010). Designing for Interaction, pp114-126.

12. Analyzing the Data Ways to go about analyzing the data: Analysis Summation Extrapolation Abstraction Source: Shaffer, D. (2010). Designing for Interaction, pp114-126.

13. Analysis Analysis, how you examine data. Deconstruction of a whole process, activity, object, or environment into its component parts. Alignment Diagram Breaks a process down into its discrete steps then indicates the problems and issues with each step, as well as the tools available to help users complete that stage of the activity. Source: Shaffer, D. (2010). Designing for Interaction, pp114-126. http://www.baldrige.com/

14. What’s the process here?

15. Touchpoint List Type of analysis that lists all points of contact. Check in at an airport, touchpoints include agent, kiosk, ticket itself, ticket sleeve, and the counter. Touchpoints can include: Physical locations Specific parts of locations Hardware Software Signage Objects

16. What are the Touchpoints?

17. Process Map Analysis - shows a high-level view of a service, steps, and boundaries of the project.

18. Task Analysis A raw list of activities that the final design will have to support.

19. What are the tasks?

20. Summation Taking pieces of data and making them add up to a conclusion. Noting that 75 percent of research subjects did a particular activity can be a powerful piece of persuasion to demonstrate the need to support that activity. Source: Shaffer, D. (2010). Designing for Interaction, pp114-126.

21. Extrapolation Opposite of analysis Extrapolation seeks to make a new, different whole. Designer extrapolates a product from what she knows about the users. Source: Shaffer, D. (2010). Designing for Interaction, pp114-126.

22. Abstraction Abstraction involves removing data until only the most relevant data points remain. Those data points can be visualized as conceptual models. Read Giles Colborne, (2010). Simple and Usable Web, Mobile, and Interaction Design (Voices That Matter) New Riders. Source: Shaffer, D. (2010). Designing for Interaction, pp114-126.

23. Conceptual model The outcome of abstraction is usually a conceptual model. Best models of design research show (either implicitly or explicitly) three things: Pain points. Where are there difficulties in the process? What don't users like? What is creating unnecessary effort? What is inefficient or unpleasant? Opportunities. What are the opportunities for improvement? Where is a tool missing that might help users? What areas have been neglected that could be improved? Calls to action. What needs to be done in order to ameliorate the pain points and capitalize on the opportunities? What are the big design tasks that need to be done? Source: Shaffer, D. (2010). Designing for Interaction, pp114-126.

25. Problems with interface metaphors (Nelson, 1990) Break conventional and cultural rules e.g., recycle bin placed on desktop Can constrain designers in the way they conceptualize a problem space Conflict with design principles Forces users to only understand the system in terms of the metaphor Designers can inadvertently use bad existing designs and transfer the bad parts over Limits designers’ imagination in coming up with new conceptual models

26. Activity A company has been asked to design a computer-based system that will encourage autistic children to communicate and express themselves better. What type of interaction would be appropriate to use at the interface for this particular user group?