2. Name the organelle and give its function. Cell Parts Review Animal Plant Nucleus Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum: aids in processing carbohydrates, lipids and proteins for export from the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Body Nucleus: control body of the cell; contains the genetic material (DNA) Golgi Aparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell Ribosome: site where proteins are made

3. What is located in the nucleus? Nucleus Chromosome DNA Nucleic Acid Nucleotide

4. What does the DNA of all these organisms have in common? They all share a universal genetic code.

5. DNA

6. Purpose of DNA Why do we have DNA? -Tells the genetic information

7. What is a Nucleotide? 1. 2. 3. 2.) 1. Phosphate Group 2. 5-Carbon Sugar (Dexoyribose or Ribose) 3. Nitrogen Base Nucleotides, too

8. Remember DNA… Nucleotides make up nucleic acid Double helix shape Store genetic information Help make proteins Examples: DNA & RNA sugar phosphate nitrogen base

9. Nucleotides There are four nitrogen bases making up four different nucleotides. Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine A C G T N base

10. Chargaff’s Base Pair Rules Adenine always bonds with thymine. A = T Guanine always bonds with Cytosine. G  C A C G T

11. C G A A T G Nucleotide P S N-b Pairing DNA Nucleotides What is a nucleotide? Rule A to C to T G What is the base pairing rule?What would be the complementary nucleotide pairing?

12. 3’End 5’End DNA DOUBLE HELIX ladder shaped molecule

13. What is RNA? DNA must have a “helper” molecule. RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid RNA is a single stranded nucleic acid made up of monomers called nucleotides sugar phosphate nitrogen base

14. A B C RNA Nucleotides A - Sugar (ribose) B - Phosphate C - Nitrogen base sugar phosphate nitrogen base Name the parts of the nucleotide.

15. Rules for Base Pairing Cytosine pairs with Guanine Adenine pairs with Uracil Notice that RNA has Uracil (not thymine) A = U C = G

16. Rules for Base Pairing C = G A = U 3’ DNA strand 5’ DNA strand RNA strand C A T G G U C A

17. What is the function of RNA? Carries DNA’s message code Helps make protein Types of RNA  Messenger RNA (mRNA)  Transfer RNA (tRNA)  Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

18. RNA Codes for Amino Acids The nitrogen bases in RNA code for amino acids. A triplet of nitrogen bases codes for one amino acid. The triplet is called a codon.

19. Overall process of protein synthesis transcriptiontranslation DNA RNA Protein is made on ribosome