1. DNA

2. Nucleic Acids Informational polymers Made of C,H,O,N and P No general formula Examples: DNA and RNA

3. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Makes up genes. Genetic information for life.

4. RNA Ribonucleic Acid. Structure and protein synthesis. Genetic information for a few viruses only.

5. Nucleic Acids Polymers of nucleotides Nucleotides have three parts: nitrogenous base pentose sugar phosphate

6. Nitrogenous Bases Rings of C and N Two types: Pyrimidines (single ring) Purines (double ring)

7. Four bases in DNA Adenine- A Thymine- T Cytosine- C Guanine- G

8. Four bases in RNA Adenine- A Uracil- U Cytosine- C Guanine- G

9. Nitrogenous Bases A & G= purines C & T & U= pyrimidines Each purine binds with a pyrimidine

10. Nitrogenous Bases Hydrogen bonds differ A&T= 2 bonds C&G= 3 bonds

11. Complimentary Bases Bases that pair together during building and replication of DNA A is complementary to T G is complementary to C

12. Pentose Sugar 5-C sugar Ribose - RNA Deoxyribose – DNA RNA and DNA differ in a –OH group on the 2 nd carbon.

14. Phosphate PO 4 – Overall negative molecule Makes DNA a negative molecule

15. Sugar-Phosphate Backbone Makes up the outside backbones of DNA and RNA Alternating sugars and phosphates

16. Complimentary bases If 44% of the DNA is Guanine, what percentage is Cytosine? Adenine? Thymine?

17. DNA replication Binding of enzymes to existing DNA (DNA polymerase) Unwinding of the double helix Synthesis of a new matching strand for each side of the original DNA End up with 2 identical strands